Ceramic interconnects physical properties

Many technologists are interested not only in the permeability of a powder system but also in the actual structure of the pores in the powder system. Sandstone or porous ceramics also have pore structures and permeabilities which are important in determining the physical properties of the system. In the pharmaceutical industry the porosity and permeability of tablets and in what are known as controlled release drug systems have physical properties determined by these pore structures. It should be noticed that the term pore can refer to either a connected or closed system. Thus the permeability of a porous structure is related to the interconnectiveness of pores whereas the activity of a catalyst may also be a function not only of the permeability of the system but also on the presence of pores in the individual particles which are said to be blind pores, i. e. not interconnected. The flow of oil through sandstone reservoirs, and of ground water pollution through a sedimentary rocks and soil, is also related to the pore structure of the system. 

To meet the foregoing requirements, the composition of LaCrOs was modified by doping of lower valence alkaline ions, such as Ca ", Mg +, and Sr, at the La " " or sites. The substitution of La site and Cr site with the other elements can decrease the sintering temperature and increase the electronic conductivity. So far, a number of papers have been published regarding the physical and chemical properties of doped LaCrOs. The present chapter describes the overview of LaCrOs-based ceramics for SOFC interconnects. The following topics are introduced and discussed ... 

The current knowledge on oxide materials affirms that most of their physico-chemical properties display acute size dependence. The size effects in oxide physics have frequently two interconnected faces, size-defect or non-stoichiometry effects and stmctural quantum-size. Key contributory factors include quantum confinement of electrical carriers within nanoparticles, charge and efficient energy transfer over nanoscale distances and in many systems a highly enhanced role of interfaces. With the growing technology of nano materials, it is necessary to understand the detailed basis for nanophotonic properties. Physico-chemical properties are mostly related to the industrial use of oxides such as ceramics, sensors, absorbents and/or catalysts. Novel application within these fields relies on the size-dependence of the optical and electronic transport properties of oxide nanomaterials. 

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