Central nervous system stimulants attention deficit/hyperactivity

Adderall XR (package insert). Wayne, PA, Shire US Inc, 2004 Angrist B, d Hollosy M, Sanfilipo M, et al Central nervous system stimulants as symptomatic treatments for AIDS-related neuropsychiatric impairment. J Clin Psychophamiacol 12 268—272, 1992 Arnold LE, Lindsay RL, Connors CK, et al A douhle-hlind, placebo-controlled withdrawal trial of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. I Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 14 542—554, 2004 Belle DJ, Ernest CS, Sauer JM, et al Effect of potent CYP2D6 inhibition by paroxetine on atomoxetine pharmacokinetics. I Clin Pharmacol 42 1219-1227, 2002... 

Amphetamines and similar central nervous system stimulants have been available for many years, but the substantial abuse liability and potential cardiovascular adverse effects have largely limited their use to the treatment of narcolepsy and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder. There has also been some utilization of amphetamines to combat sleepiness during military operations. 

Methylphenidate (MPH, Ritalin ) is a central nervous system stimulant that is used for the treatment of attention deficit disorders, with and without hyperactivity, and narcolepsy. MPH has two chiral centres and is marketed as a racemic mixture. It is known that d-threo-MP is pharmacologically more active than l-threo-MPH. The drag is rapidly metabohzed in humans to the inactive ritalinic acid. High-throughput analysis with chiral selectivity is demanded for the bioanalysis of MPH and its major metabolite. 

Several medical, medication-induced, or substance-related causes of mania and depression have been identified (see Table 68-2 for causes of mania and Table 67-1 in Chap. 67 on depressive disorders for causes of depression). " A complete medical, psychiatric, and medication history physical examination and laboratory testing are necessary to rule out any organic causes of mania or depression. An accurate diagnosis is important because some psychiatric and neurologic disorders present with manic-like symptoms. For example, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and a manic episode have similar characteristics thus individuals with bipolar disorder may be misdiagnosed and prescribed central nervous system stimulants. Use of any substance that affects the central nervous system (e.g., alcohol, antidepressants, caffeine, central nervous system stimulants, hallucinogens, or marijuana) can worsen symptoms and decrease the... 

Tolylaldehyde glyceryl acetyl N/A Central nervous system stimulants, treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Drugbank)... 

Prescription medications such as pain relievers, central nervous system (CNS) depressants (tranquilizers and sedatives), and stimulants are highly beneficial treatments for a variety of health conditions. Pain relievers enable individuals with chronic pain to lead productive lives tranquilizers can reduce anxiety and help patients with sleep disorders and stimulants help people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) focus their attention. Most people who take prescription medications use them responsibly. But when abused—that is, taken by someone other than the patient for whom the medication was prescribed or taken in a manner or dosage other than what was prescribed—prescription medications can produce serious adverse health effects, including addiction. 

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