Proteinaceous material, cellulose

In attempts to form proteinaceous material with aromatic substituents, a cotton modified chemically to contain aromatic groups was placed in the depolymerization zone, that is, between the external electrodes and an untreated cotton placed downstream in the polymerization zone. The plasma was an equimolar mixture of N2 and H2 that had been shown to be optimal for the production of proteinaceous material when cotton was placed between the electrodes According to ESCA analyses, the nitrogenous films formed downstream were identical whether benzoylated cellulose or benzy-lated cellulose was placed between the electrodes, figure (2) illustrates the spectra obtained with a cotton control (lowest curve) and with a cotton that had been treated in a cold plasma of 1 1 mole ratio of N2 and H2 for one hour while a benzy-lated cotton placed between the electrodes acted as a source of carbon for syntheses of the proteinaceous product (uppermost curve). The middle curve is that for a cotton subjected to the 2 2 plasma in the absence of the benzylated cotton. The Cj g... 

Plant fibers are cellulosic, animal fibers are proteinaceous materials, and asbestos is a crystalline silica compound. Almost every fibrous material has had some use in historic or prehistoric times. The most important natural fibers used in the textile industry are cotton, linen, wool, and silk (moth silk) (see Table 1). 

Natural and synthetic polyelectrolytes are used in causing small suspended particles to flocculate to larger settleable particles. Among the natural compounds so used are starch and cellulose derivatives, proteinaceous materials, and gums composed of polysaccharides. More recently, selected synthetic polymers, including neutral polymers and both anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes that are effective flocculants, have come into use. 

Among the naturally occurring filler materials are cellulosics such as wood flour, a-cellulose, shell flour, and starch, and proteinaceous fillers such as soybean residues. Approximately 40,000 t of cellulosic fillers are used annually by the U.S. polymer industry. Wood flour, which is produced by the attrition grinding of wood wastes, is used as filler for phenolic resins, urea resins, polyolefins, and PVC. Shell flour, which lacks the fibrous structure of wood flour, has been used as a replacement for wood flour for some applications. 

Additional Methods of Analysis. The use of radiocarbon dating where sufficient sample is available to permit adequate confidence in the date obtained is not precluded by the caution above. It is essential, however, that radiocarbon dates be obtained only for the proteinaceous or cellulosic substrate with care taken to exclude contaminants and coloring materials. Note should be made of the possibility of the introduction of lubrication materials in the conservation of brittle textiles. 

Further verification of the cellulosic versus proteinaceous character of the material may be derived from the elemental analyses, which are summarized in Table II. The feathers exhibit strong sulfur peaks as well as phosphorus, sodium, and calcium peaks. The bast fiber contains large amounts of phosphorus and calcium, typical of plant materials. Although the EDS of the bast fiber diplays sulfur, the relative peak height is small in comparison to other elements in this spectrum. The peak height of sulfur in the EDS of the feathers is so large relative to the... 

The hull is mainly composed of flbrous substances, lignin and cellulosic materials in equal proportions. Kernels of oilseed-type sunflower contain nearly all of the oil of seeds, besides proteinaceous substances and carbohydrates. The kernel represents 70% of the seed, with an oil content of approximately 55%, amounting to 40% with respect to the whole seed. The protein content ranges between 20% and 35%, amounting to up to 57% on a water-and-oil-free basis (1, 5, 11). 

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