Cellular processes multidimensional

A few review papers discussing the use of ion mobility and IM-MS measurements for studying macromolecules have been recently published. Combining MALDI with IM-MS was discussed in view of its applications in solvent-free structural studies, sequencing, and protein identification. The mobility measurements provided a new dimension in the analysis of biomolecules due to the fact that separation is based on the size and shape of the ion and not only on its mass. The role of multidimensional assemblies and aggregations in normal cellular processes and diseases, based on ESI-IM-MS experiments, was analyzed. ... 

In biological imaging, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) has in the last decade significantly extended our ability to visualize highly complex samples as multidimensional datasets (space, time, colors). In parallel, the introduction of fluorescent protein variants as in vivo tags of structures of interest has opened up new ways to observe cellular processes inside the living cell or tissue (for review see Miyawaki et al., this issue). 

In Chapter 8.5, B. Veyssiere exposes the state of knowledge in detonations. Particular features of the complex multidimensional structure of detonations are presented in relation with the recent results obtained either by nonintrusive optical diagnostics or numerical simulations from high performance calculations. The role of transverse waves in detonation propagation, the existence of correlations between the characteristic dimension of the cellular structure and the critical conditions for detonation initiation and detonation transmission, and the influence of the nonmonotonous heat release process behind the front are examined. Recent developments in the study of spinning detonations are also discussed. 

There are many probes that report on cell activation via the concentration of other cellular molecules (e.g., calcium). We have simultaneously visualized fluo-antagonist binding and agonist-induced Ca2+ activation in single cells. Ideally, we would combine receptor density, location, and functional experiments to determine exactly which receptors, at what location, drive a particular form of activation. The individual components of this process can be digitally captured. However, visualization of such a complex multidimensional process has not yet been achieved. 

Development and aging are complex, multidimensional processes in which the structure and function of tissues alter in response to encoded cellular and genomic transformations. Extracellular matrices play critical structural and functional roles in tissues, and, thus, are integral to these processes. Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, which are an important component of these extracellular matrices, display developmental and age-related changes in a wide variety of tissues and organs. 

---