Cell Plasminogen

Acetylcholinesterase [79] Kidney-cell plasminogen Bovine serum albumin [93]... 

Protein G. This vitamin K-dependent glycoproteia serine protease zymogen is produced ia the Hver. It is an anticoagulant with species specificity (19—21). Proteia C is activated to Proteia by thrombomodulin, a proteia that resides on the surface of endothefial cells, plus thrombin ia the presence of calcium. In its active form, Proteia selectively iaactivates, by proteolytic degradation. Factors V, Va, VIII, and Villa. In this reaction the efficiency of Proteia is enhanced by complex formation with free Proteia S. la additioa, Proteia activates tissue plasminogen activator, which... 

There are endogenous and exogenous plasminogen activators. Endothelial cells (andtumor cells) synthesize... 

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a glycoprotein (68 kDa), synthesized by endothelial and tumor-cells. As a serine protease, tPA hydrolyses Arg561-Val562 peptide bond in plasminogen, resulting in plasmin formation. It needs cofactors for efficient plasminogen activation. 

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA, urokinase) is synthesized by endothelial and tumor cells as a single-chain glycoprotein (scuPA) without catalytic activity. When it is converted to a two-chain protein (tcuPA) by plasmin, an active serine protease center develops, which activates plasminogen. Thus, uPA (55 kDa) results in the amplification of fibrinolysis. 

Mahdi F, Shariat-Madar Z, Todd RF 3rd, Figueroa CD, Schmaier AH Expression and colocahzation of cytokeratin 1 and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor on endothelial cells. Blood 2001 97 2342-2350. 56... 

Yee JA, Yan L, Dominguez JC et al (1993) Plasminogen-dependent activation of latent transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) by growing cultures of osteoblast-hke cells. J Cell Physiol 157 528-534... 

Tissue plasminogen activator 530 amino acids, glycosylated E. coli Yeast Animal cells Acute mycocardial infarct Pulmonary embolism Approved for sale Animal cell culture most effective way of producing active enzyme... 

Plasminogen activator inhibitors have been shown to be present in a large variety of different cells and tissues. These inhibitors are thought to play an important role in regulating tissue fibrinolysis. One of these inhibitors has been purified from cultured bovine aortic epithelial cells. This inhibitor has been shown to be a serine protease inhibitor and inhibits the function of two proteolytic enzymes urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator, both of which cleave and activate plasminogen. The mechanism by which this inhibitor functions is very similar to that described above with a-l-PI. Thus, the inhibitor forms a binary complex with the proteolytic enzyme and thereby inhibits its activity. Again in a situation comparable to that with a-l-PI, it was found that when the purified bovine aortic epithelial inhibitor was exposed to Al-chlorosuccinimide,... 

The antithrombotic factors produced by endothelial cells are thrombomodulin (TM) and protein S (PS), components of the vitamin K-dependent protein C (PC) anticoagulant pathway, inhibiting F-Va-F-Villa (E15) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), responsible for fibrinolysis (N2, LI8) and the lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor (LACI), which inhibits F-VIIa-TF complex and F-Xa (B51). 

The procoagulant factors produced by endothelial cells are the coagulation factors von Willebrand factor (WF), F-V, F-VIII, tissue factor (TF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), which blocks the activators u-PA and t-PA and counteracts fibrinolysis (G21, FI6). It has been shown that under the influence of complement activation (C9), in response to endotoxin in vitro (C24), in experimental E. coli sepsis in baboons (D30), and after stimulation with TNF (Al, N6), endothelial cells up-regulate the expression of TF, down-regulate TM and inhibit the production of t-PA and PAF. Thus, the balance may shift in the procoagulant direction with a large excess of PAI-1. 

F16. De Fouw, N. J., Van Hinsbergh, V. W. M., De Jong, Y. F Haverkate, F., and Bertina, R. M., The interaction of activated protein C and thrombin with the plasminogen activator inhibitor released from human endothelial cells. Thromb. Haemost. 57, 176-182 (1987). 

N2. Nakashima, Y., Sueishi, K., and Tanaka, K Thrombin enhances production and release of tissue plasminogen activator from bovine venous endothelial cells. Fibrinolysis 2, 227-234 (1988). 

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