Cell factory robustness

Modern cell factory engineering allows for the design of new metabolic pathways, expansion of the product portfolio, utilization of new substrates, and engineering of complex cellular features for high productivity and robustness (Figure 18.1). This chapter focuses on recent developments in the application of yeasts in biotechnology. For a more comprehensive treatise of the topic, the reader is referred to recent reviews as those cited here. 

Cold vapour was generated in acid media to relate the amount of Hg in blood cells with the use of dental restorative material made with amalgams. Robustness of the methodology was studied using fractional factorial designs... 

Biological assays are often noisy and laborious. With careful application of experimental design, cell culture bioassays can be made quite accurate and precise. The core information needed for validation can come from two experiments. One experiment studies accuracy and precision followed by a variance component analysis and a summary table that describes the expected performance of the system at various levels of replication. A second experiment uses a minimal fractional factorial design to study robustness, followed by a comparison of confidence intervals on effect sizes with a previously established indifference zone. 

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