Cell adhesion introduction

After a masterful introduction of the field and its new directions by Michael Sefton of the University of Toronto, Kristi Anseth of the University of Colorado offers a critical analysis of cell-materials interaction problems with emphasis on the nature of cell adhesions, adhesion ligands, and surface chemistry. 

Adhesion of different immune cells to one another or to epithelial cells has also been studied using planar bilayer models. For example, lymphocyte function-associated protein-1 (LFA-1) promotes cell adhesion in inflammation [i.e., a reaction that can be mimicked by binding to purified ICAM-1 in supported membranes (70)]. Similarly, purified LFA-3 reconstituted into supported bilayers mediates efficient CD2-dependent adhesion and differentiation of lymphoblasts (71). This work was followed by a study in which transmembrane domain-anchored and GPl-anchored isoforms of LFA-3 were compared (72). Because this research occurred before the introduction of polymer cushions and because the bilayers were formed by the simple vesicle fusion technique, the transmembrane domain isoform was immobile, whereas the GPl isoform was partially mobile. By comparing results with these two isoforms at different protein densities in the supported bilayer, the authors showed that diffusible proteins at a sufficient minimal density in the supported membrane were required to form strong cell adhesion contacts in this system. 

A second strategy for finding inhibitors of selectin-dependent cell adhesion (c/. introduction to Section 16.4.3.3) is based on the hypothesis that peptides derived from the lectin domains may mask... 

Surface topology Surface topology dictates cellular infiltration, adhesion, and differentiation. Considering the complex interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), hiomimetic TE approaches are becoming increasingly popular. The use of natural polymer and the introduction of specific cell adhesion motifs in synthetic biomaterials have been demonstrated to improve cell adhesion, minimize immune response, and favor tissue-specific cell differentiation. ... 

In particular, HEMA hydrogels have found widespread biomedical use mainly for the production of soft contact lenses . However, their surface properties must be modified to improve cell adhesion and proliferation in order to produce polymeric scaffolds suitable for tissue engineering applications. This objective can be achieved by introduction of charged groups onto the hydrogel surface. Accordingly, preformed HEMA hydrogels were reacted for 24 hours with succinic anhydride (SA) (Scheme 1) or 1,4-diaminobutane (DAB) in DMF solution (Scheme 2), at 50 and 100 °C, respectively. 

A natural progression from using CA to model bacterial growth is to model tumor growth and the development of abnormal cells. There has been considerable work on this topic. Features such as cell mutation, adhesion, layered growth, and chemotaxis can readily be incorporated into a CA model.5 Deutsch and Dormann s book provides a useful introduction to this area.6... 

Introduction. Cell deposition on various surfaces plays an important part in the initiation of many biological processes, such as hemostasis, thrombosis and growth of secondary tumors. It consists of two main stages (a) the conveyance of cells to the vicinity of the interacting surface, and (b) the adhesion of cells to this surface. In most of the biological systems, the main field which conveys the cells to the surface is a flow field. However, for experimental studies of the process of adhesion per se, it is convenient to use a stagnant solution in which cells are conveyed to the surface by gravity (Weiss and Harlos, 1972) or by a... 

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