Cayley, Arthur

Cayley Arthur (1821-1895) Brit, math., theory of matrices and groups, invariance algebra of matrices, geometry of n-dimensional space Celsius Anders (1701-1744), Swed. astron., identified Earth s ecliptic obliquity, temperature scale after him Cesdro Attilio (1942-), Ital. chem., thermodynamics of biomacromolecules Charles IV (1316-1378) Rome emperor and famous Bohemian king (1346), supporter of idea of a united greater... 

Sir Arthur Cayley [3] introduced the application of graph theory to chemistry. Meanwhile chemical graph theory has developed into an important and rapidly growing branch of mathematical chemistry [4]. 

The concept of a group had been introduced by Galois in his work on the theory of equations and this was followed up by Baron Augustin Louis Cauchy (1789-1857) who went on to originate the theory of permutation groups. Other early workers in group theory were. Arthur Cayley (1821-95) who defined the general abstract mup as we now... 

Although the term graph was first introduced into literature by mathematician Sylvester [Sylvester, 1877, 1878], who derived it from the contemporary chemical term graphical notation, used to denote the chemical structure of a molecule, the research field that is nowadays called chemical graph theory started some years before when the British mathematician Arthur Cayley published his works about trees [Cayley, 1857,1859] and then the paper On the mathematical theory of isomer [Cayley, 1874]. 

Arthur Cayley, lawyer and mathematician, born Richmond, England, 1821. Graduated Cambridge. Professor, Cambridge. After Euler and Gauss, history s most prolific author of mathematical papers. Died Cambridge, 1895. 

Matrices were introduced in 1857 by the mathematician and lawyer Arthur Cayley as a shorthand way of dealing with simultaneous linear equations and linear transformations from one set of variables to another. Hie set of linear inhomogeneous equations (8.35) can be written as the matrix equation... 

During the studies of the problem in question perhaps the first substantial interaction between mathematics and chemistry took place. The mathematician Arthur Cayley (1821—1895) published a paper on the number of alkane isomers in a chemical journal (Cayley 1875). This, in a sense, was the start of a special branch of mathematical chemistry (long before this term was coined) and perhaps computational chemistry (without computers). Thus the work of Cayley (1875) had an immense impact on scientific research. Furthermore, it stirred up a hot debate, partly because of two numerical errors in Cayley s analysis, but also on more principal grounds. 

We ordered the short list of persons according to the year of their death. We start with Arthur Cayley and James Joseph Silvester, both mathematicians, both undeservingly little known among chemists despite their early recognition of the importance of discrete mathematics for chemistry. For more details on them one should consult E. T. Bell s book Men of Mathematic and an article by Rouvray on the pioneering contributions of Cayley and Silvester to the mathematical description of chemical structure. 

Arthur Cayley was born in 1821 in Richmond, Surrey, and died in 1895 in Cambridge. He was a leading mathematician of his time in England and is responsible for the introduction of the Leibniz notation for calculus in England, where because of a 100-year dispute between the followers of Newton and the followers of Leibniz about the priority of the discovery of calculus, the Leibniz notation (which was more sophisticated and more satisfactory) was not used, which was detrimental to the development of calculus in England. It appears that Newton may have discovered calculus before Leibniz, but he kept his discovery for his own use. The fact is that Leibniz... 

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