Thrombosis cavernous sinus

Orbital cellulitis or abscess, periorbital cellulitis, meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, ethmoid or frontal sinus erosion, chronic sinusitis, and exacerbation of asthma or bronchitis... 

Van Johnson E, Kline LB, Julian BA, Garcia JH. Bilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis due to mucormycosis. Arch Ophthalmol 1988 106(8) 1089-92. 

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Meningitis, basilar artery blood clots (thrombosis), cardioembolic stroke, cavernous sinus syndromes, cerebral venous blood clots (thrombosis), confusional states and acute memory disorders, epileptic and epileptiform encephalopathies, febrile seizures, haemophilus meningitis, intracranial hemorrhage, leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, subdural pus (empyema), or bruise (hematoma). 

Thrombosis of the cavernous sinus is characterized by proptosis, chemosis, impaired vision and ophthalmoplegia. If it is not septic, prognosis is good because of collateral drainage and spontaneous recanalization. The same symptoms, with the exception of a possible bruit, may result from arteriovenous shunting in carotid-cavernous fistulae. The treatment of choice in this case is endovascular occlusion (thrombosis ) of the cavernous sinus. 

Septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinuses. Archives of Internal Medicine 161 2671-2676... 

Barnwell SL, Halbach VV, Dowd CF et al (1991a) Multiple dural arteriovenous fistulas of the cranium and spine. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 12 441-445 Barnwell SL, Higashida RT, Halbach VV et al (1991b) Direct endovascular thrombolytic therapy for dural sinus thrombosis. Neurosurgery 28 135-142 Benndorf G, Bender A, Lehmann R et al (2000) Transvenous occlusion of dural cavernous sinus fistulas through the thrombosed inferior petrosal sinus report of four cases and review of the literature. Surg Neurol 54 42-54 Benndorf G, Bender A, Campi A et al (2001) Treatment of a cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula by deep orbital puncture of the superior ophthalmic vein. Neuroradiology 43 499-502... 

Pierot L, Chiras J, Duyckaerts C et al (1993) Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas and sinus thrombosis. Report of five cases. J Neuroradiol 20 9-18 Pollock BE, Nichols DA, Garrity JA et al (1999) Stereotactic radiosurgery and particulate embolization for cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulae. Neurosurgery 45 459-466 discussion 466-457... 

Orbital vein thrombosis may occur by itself or as a sequel of thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. It presents as an intravenous mass and most frequently involves the superior orbital vein. The most important cross-sectional imaging features include dilated venous vessels and lack of contrast enhancement. Additional findings on unenhanced scans are increased density at CT and variable appearance at MRI, which depends on the age of the blood clot and associated degradation of hemoglobin (Mueller-Forell and PiTZ 2004). 

Preseptal celluHtis is a bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that may proceed into the orbit. Comphcations of infectious disease of the orbit include orbital abscess, epidural or subdural abscess of the neurocranium, purulent meningitis, and thrombosis of the cavernous sinus (Mueller-Forell and Pitz 2004). 

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