Causes or Effects

Several topics which bring together incidents involving a common physical cause or effect but different types of chemicals are now included in Volume 2. 

Remarks/Actions. For each identified failure mode, the PrHA team should suggest actions for reducing its likelihood or mitigating its effects. The actions suggested for a particular piece of equipment may focus on the causes or effects of specific failure modes or may apply to all of the failure modes collectively. 

Mill s First Canon states If two or more instances of the phenomenon under investigation have only one circumstance in common, the circumstance in which alone all the instances agree is the cause (or effect) of the given phenomenon . 

King S. 2000. Is expressed emotion cause or effect in the mothers of schizophrenic young adults Schizophr Res... 

Another possibility that should be investigated is whether the ego-moving metaphor simply occurs more frequently in discourse than the time-moving metaphor. But even if it does, it would not be clear whether such a frequency differential was cause or effect of the greater processing ease. 

Much of what you read is an attempt to explain either the cause of some action or its effect. For example, an author might try to explain the causes of World War I or the effect of underwater nuclear testing the reason behind a change in policy at work or the effect a new computer system will have on office procedure. Let s take a look at how writers explaining cause or effect might organize their ideas. 

You were probably guided in your answers to this exercise by the words and phrases that indicate when a cause or effect is being examined. Here is a partial list of such words. 

Sometimes, in a cause and effect passage, an author will offer his or her opinion about the cause or effect of something rather than cfs about the cause or effect. In that case, readers must judge the validity of the author s analysis. Are the author s ideas logical Does he or she support the conclusions he or she comes to Consider, for example, two authors opinions about instituting mandatory school uniforms. 

Determine an implied main idea Determine an implied cause or effect Distinguish between logical and emotional appeals Determine the theme of a piece of literature... 

INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE REASONING IDENTIFYING HAZARDS 225 B. Variables as Causes or Effects ... 

It is clear from the Rules 1-6 that the assignment of a variable as a cause or effect is guided by strict and unambiguous physical causality arguments. For example, if all the variables except one in a physical relationship have... 

Whether you are writing an essay that primarily discusses either causes or effects, or one that focuses on both, you should follow these rules ... 

Limit your essay to a discussion of recent, major causes or effects. In... 

Sometimes the plan for organizing your causal analysis paper will be suggested by your subject matter often, however, you ll have to devote some of your prewriting time to deciding, first, whether you want to emphasize causes or effects and, then, in what arrangement you will present your analysis. 

The following subjects may be developed into essays emphasizing cause or effect, or both. For additional ideas, turn to the Suggestions for Writing section following the professional essay (page 285). 

What is the subject and purpose of your causal analysis essay Is this subject appropriately narrowed and focused for a discussion of major causes or effects ... 

List at least two major causes or effects that you might develop in the discussion of your topic. 

Does the essay focus on the most important causes or effects, or both ... 

After considering your essay s presentation of the major causes or effects, which part of your analysis do you think readers will find the most convincing Why ... 

Causal Analysis Would explaining causes or effects add important information ... 

Ong ACM, Fine LG. Loss of glomerular function and tubulointerstitial fibrosis Cause or effect Kidney Int 1994 45 345-351. 

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