Manufacturing processes cationic surfactants

The manufacturing process for cationic surfactants can be divided into two parts. The first part is the creation of an alkylated amine. Several processes can achieve this endpoint and are briefly reviewed below. The largest volume process which was developed by Armour starts with tallow triglyceride which is split to yield fatty acid and glycerine. The fatty acid is reacted with ammonia and converted to fatty nitrile under high pressure and temperature conditions... 

Abstract A crucial problem in the manufacturing of high aspect ratio structures in the microchip production is the collapse of photoresist patterns caused by imbalanced capillary forces. A new concept to reduce the pattern collapse bases on the reduction of the capillary forces by adsorption of a cationic surfactant. The application of a cationic surfactant rinse step in the photolithographic process leads to a reduction of the pattern collapse. Physicochemical investigations elucidate the mechanism of surfactant adsorption... 

Cationic surfactants. These are compounds in which the detergency is in the cation, and although in the manufacturing process no neutralization takes place, the material is in effect neutralized by a strong acid. 

Uses Intermediate for manufacturing cationic surfactants quaternary for biocides flotation agent gasoline detergent corrosion inhibitor rubber processing additive emulsifier for herbicides textile softener oilfeld drilling materials... 

The free-radical addition of TFE to pentafluoroethyl iodide yields a mixture of perfluoroalkyl iodides with even-numbered fluorinated carbon chains. This is the process used to commercially manufacture the initial raw material for the fluorotelomer -based family of fluorinated substances (Fig. 3) [2, 17]. Telomeri-zation may also be used to make terminal iso- or methyl branched and/or odd number fluorinated carbon perfluoroalkyl iodides as well [2]. The process of TFE telomerization can be manipulated by controlling the process variables, reactant ratios, catalysts, etc. to obtain the desired mixture of perfluoroalkyl iodides, which can be further purified by distillation. While perfluoroalkyl iodides can be directly hydrolyzed to perfluoroalkyl carboxylate salts [29, 30], the addition of ethylene gives a more versatile synthesis intermediate, fluorotelomer iodides. These primary alkyl iodides can be transformed to alcohols, sulfonyl chlorides, olefins, thiols, (meth)acrylates, and from these into many types of fluorinated surfactants [3] (Fig. 3). The fluorotelomer-based fluorinated surfactants range includes noiuonics, anionics, cationics, amphoterics, and polymeric amphophiles. 

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