Catalytic reforming reactions

In the sorption-enhanced reforming (SER) process, one of the gaseous reaction products (C02) of the catalytic reforming reaction is separated from the reaction zone by sorption. As a result, the equilibrium of the reaction is shifted toward products according to the Le Chatelier s principle. Balasubramanian et al. [18] studied the SMR reaction in the presence of CaO as a C02 acceptor. Thus, in addition to reactions 2.4 and 2.6, the reaction of C02 with the C02 acceptor (CaO) takes place in the reaction zone ... 

Few of the primary products of biomass pyrolysis are thermally stable at the typical temperatures of the hydrocarbon reformer. Hence there is significant competition between catalytic reforming reactions (Equation 6.3) and thermally induced cracking decomposition (Equation 6.4). 

Zinc containing zeolites exhibit potential applications in optics, electronics, sensors and photocatalysis [1]. In catalytic applications, the addition of Zn produces an increase in both the catalytic activity and the selectivity towards aromatization of small alkanes in catalytic reforming reactions [2,3]. Zinc species promote dehydrogenation reactions avoiding the preferential removal of hydrogen by transfer to hydroearbon... 

In the example given on Fig. 20, only 16 intrinsic parameters are required to define all the kinetic constants regarding the 57,559 constitutive pathways of a catalytic reforming reaction network, including molecules with up to 11 carbon atoms. 

Secondly, for the regenerative catalytic reforming reaction (with Pt-Sn/ A1203 catalyst), and, in this case, prediction of coke formation is essential for the design and dimensioning of the reactors at the centre of the process. 

G. A. Mills (Houdry Process Corporation) Dr. Bond has considered that the catalytic reforming reactions occur at the atomic interface between metal and acid catalyst. It is possible that such reactions occur there and also possible that molecular hydrogen is activated by the metal and transferred to the acid as protons. However, I wish to point out that the metal-acid interface is not the necessary site for reforming reactions, as is shown by the following experiment carried out at the Houdry Laboratory. Pow-... 

The stripper was operated with these two objectives in mind. However, the lab test showed the C5 component distribution. The stripper bottom contained 2mol% C5, which exceeds the targeted C5 removal from the bottom, which is undesirable. Two negative results were observed. Because C5 is not involved in the catalytic reforming reaction, C5 material not only occupied the space in the reactor and hence reduced reaction throughput, but also consumed extra heat in the feed heater for the reforming reactors. 

One of the easiest catalytic reforming reactions methylcyclohexane (MCH) to toluene (TOL) ... 

The heterogeneous catalytic reforming reactions are supposed to take place on the gas-solid interface. In heterogeneous catalysis no species enter into the solid phase, hence for this process the species mass balance are solved only in the gas phase. For the adsorption process the reaction actually takes place within the solid adsorbent material. However, in the modeling approach employed by Wang et al. [161] a pseudo-homogeneous reaction model was adopted so that the CO2 capture reaction was approximated by a particle surface reaction thus the overall diffusion... 

Ancheyta, J., Vhlafuerte, E. 2000. Kinetic modeling of naphtha catalytic reforming reactions. Energy Fuels 14 1032—1037. 

Catalytic cracking is a key refining process along with catalytic reforming and alkylation for the production of gasoline. Operating at low pressure and in the gas phase, it uses the catalyst as a solid heat transfer medium. The reaction temperature is 500-540°C and residence time is on the order of one second. 

Xylenes Produetion Via Toluene Transalkylation and Disproportionation. The toluene that is produced from processes such as catalytic reforming can be converted into xylenes via transalkylation and disproportionation. Toluene disproportionation is defined as the reaction of 2 mol of toluene to produce 1 mol of xylene and 1 mol of benzene. Toluene transalkylation is defined as the reaction of toluene with or higher aromatics to produce xylenes ... 

Mixtures of CO—H2 produced from hydrocarbons, as shown in the first two of these reactions, ate called synthesis gas. Synthesis gas is a commercial intermediate from which a wide variety of chemicals are produced. A principal, and frequendy the only source of hydrogen used in refineries is a by-product of the catalytic reforming process for making octane-contributing components for gasoline (see Gasoline and OTHER MOTOR fuels), eg. 

Fig. 5. Main reactions of catalytic reforming. Pt and acid refer to predominant active catalytic sites.

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