Catalytic Reforming Cyclic

Cyclic Hydrocarbons. The cyclic hydrocarbon intermediates are derived principally from petroleum and natural gas, though small amounts are derived from coal. Most cycHc intermediates are used in the manufacture of more advanced synthetic organic chemicals and finished products such as dyes, medicinal chemicals, elastomers, pesticides, and plastics and resins. Table 6 details the production and sales of cycHc intermediates in 1991. Benzene (qv) is the largest volume aromatic compound used in the chemical industry. It is extracted from catalytic reformates in refineries, and is produced by the dealkylation of toluene (qv) (see also BTX Processing). 

Silamit P3 A cyclic catalytic reforming process for making town gas from oil, similar to the UGI Process. Developed by Gaz de France and built by Silamit Indugas, Dtisseldorf, Germany. Gas Making and Natural Gas, British Petroleum Co., London, 1972, 94. 

SSC [Statione Sperimentale per i Combustibili] A cyclic catalytic reforming process for making gas from oil. Developed by SSC, Milan. 

Catalytic reforming is the major source of benzene and xylenes as well as of toluene. There are three basic types of processes semiregenerative, cyclic, and continuous. 

Once the synthetic crude oils from coal and oil shale have been upgraded and the heavy ends converted to lighter distillates, further refining by existing processes need not be covered in detail except to note the essential character of the products. The paraffinic syncrude from oil shale yields middle distillates which are excellent jet and diesel fuel stocks. The principal requirements are removal of nitrogen to the extent necessary for good thermal stability of the fuels and adjustment of cut points to meet required pour or freeze points, limited by the presence of waxy straight-chain paraffins. The heavy naphtha from shale oil can be further hydrotreated and catalytically reformed to acceptable octane number, but with considerable loss of volume because of the only moderate content of cyclic hydrocarbons, typically 45-50%. On the other... 

To conclude, we will give the example of a lumped network, built as part of the thesis of (Cochegrue, 2001) and including cyclic and acyclic molecules up to Cl 1, to represent a complex reaction network of catalytic reforming, Fig. 27. 

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) is the condensation polymer made from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. The acid or its dimethyl ester is obtained by the oxidation of -xylene, a product from catalytic reforming of naphtha. The glycol is obtained from ethane via the corresponding cyclic oxide. With the availability of purified terephthalic acid since the 1960s direct esterification of the acid in a continuous process is used in commercial production of the polyester [31] ... 

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