Metal-organo catalysis

Taube, R. Reaction with Nitrogen Compounds Hydroamination. In Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organo-metallic Compounds Comils, B. Herrmann, W. A., Eds. VCH Weinheim, Germany, 1996 pp 507-520. 

B. Cornils, W.A. Herrmann (Eds.), Applied Homogeneous Catalysis by Organo-metallic Complexes, 2nd edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002, p. 1131. 

W. A. Herrmann and M. Muehlhofer, Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organo-metallic Compounds (2nd Edition), 2002, 3, 1086. 

J. Herwig, R. Trainor, in Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organo-metallics, Eds. B. Comils, W Herrmann, Wiley-VCH, New York 1998. 

Cornils B, Herrmann WA (eds) (2002) Applied homogeneous catalysis with organo-metallic compounds, vol 3 Developments, 2nd edn. Wiley, Weinheim... 

Three topics in homogeneous catalysis with organo-transition metal complexes will be dealt with in this chapter ... 

This book describes homogeneously catalyzed reactions under two major boundary conditions the catalysts employed are organometallic complexes that are used in the aqueous phase. In this respect the book is restricted to one area of homogeneous catalysis and therefore - though substantially expanded and more detailed - to one special area of our previous book, Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organo-metallic Complexes (VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1996). 

Frohning, C.D., Kohlpaintner, C.W., and Boh-nen, H.-W. (2002) Hydroformylation, in Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organo metallic Compounds (eds B. Cornils and W.A Herrmann), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Weinheim, pp. 31-103. 

Optical induction in organo-transition metal compounds and asymmetric catalysis. H. Brunner, Acc. Chem. Res., 1979,12, 250-257 (85). 

Yamamoto Y,Nakamura I (2005) Nucleophilic Attack by Palladium Species. 14 211-240 Yasuda H (1999) Organo Rare Earth Metal Catalysis for the Living Polymerizations of Polar and Nonpolar Monomers. 2 255-283 Yasuda N, see King AO (2004) 6 205-246... 

V-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become an incontrovertible class of mole-cnles for transition-metal- (TM) and organo-catalysis. Inception of the field dates back almost a centnry ago when Tschngajeff (Chugaev) and co-workers reacted... 

In the sixties of past century, a few patents issued to Bergbau Chemie [5,48,49] and to Mobil Oil [50-52], respectively described the use of CFPs as supports for catalytically active metal nanoclusters and as carriers for heterogenized metal complexes of catalytic relevance. For the latter catalysts the term hybrid phase catalysts later came into use [53,54], At that time coordination chemistry and organo-transition metal chemistry were in full development. Homogeneous transition metal catalysis was expected to grow in industrial relevance [54], but catalyst separation was generally a major problem for continuous processing. That is why the concept of hybrid catalysis became very popular in a short time [55]. 

Alternatively, the transmetalation can be facilitated by increasing the nucleophilicity of the carbon nucleophile participating in the cross-coupling, which is most often done by increasing the electron density on the metal by coordination of extra anionic ligands. Two distinct approaches to nucleophilic activation are (i) the addition of appropriate Lewis bases to the reaction mixture (nucleophilic catalysis) or (ii) the use of a preformed, electron-rich, organo-metallic reagent with enhanced nucleophilicity. 

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