Casting flow diagram

Process flow diagrams for cast-iron and aluminum enameling are shown ia Eigures 3 and 4. 

Fig. 4. Process flow diagram for aluminum enameling showing (a) enamel preparation and application, and (b) metal preparation, where the cleaning processes A, B, and C represent primarily sheet D, primarily castings and E, aluminized steel (11).

Fig. 12.14. Flow diagram for the manufacture of nylon 66 yarn (1) air (2) cyclohexane from petroleum (3) reactor (4) recycle cyclohexane (5) still (6) cyclohexanol-cyclohexanone (7) nitric acid (8) converter (9) adipic acid solution (10) still (11) impurities (12) crystallizer (13) centrifuge (14) impurities (15) adipic acid crystals (16) dryer (17) vaporizer (18) ammonia (19) converter (20) crude adiponitrile (21) still (22) impurities (23) hydrogen (24) converter (25) crude diamine (26) still (27) impurities (28) nylon salt solution (29) reactor (30) stabilizer (31) calandria (32) evaporator (33) excess water (34) autoclave (35) delustrant (36) water sprays (37) casting wheel (38) polymer ribbon (39) grinder (40) polymer flake (41) spinning machine (42) heating cells (43) spinnerette (44) air (45) draw twisting (46) inspection (47) nylon bobbin. (Note Whenever the demand for liquid polymer at a spinnerette is large, as, for example, in the spinning of tire yarn, it is pumped directly from the autoclave.)...

Flow diagram of a hot briquetting plant for cast-iron Vol. 10 (1965), 16-22]... 

Figure 2.2 Process flow diagrams for the melting and metal treatment of cast iron [32, CAEF, 1997]...

Cast steel is normally melted in electric arc furnaces (EAF) or in coreless induction furnaces (IF). Once melted, the liquid metal can be refined (i.e. removal of carbon, silicon, sulphur and or phosphorus) and deoxidised (i.e. reduction of metallic oxides), depending on the base material and the quality requirement of the finished product. Figure 2.3 gives process flow diagrams for the melting and metal treatment of cast steel in the different furnace types. 

Schematic flow diagram for the tape casting of an alumina substrate... 

Figure 6.41 Schematic flow diagram of the gel casting process.

The spinning of asymmetric hollow fibers with the skin on the inside closely resembles the procedure used in casting flat-sheet membranes. Figure 3.1510 is a schematic diagram of a spinneret used to spin these fibers. The degassed and filtered polymer solution is forced under pressure into a coaxial tube spinneret. The liquid is extruded through an annular orifice and the hollow fiber (still liquid) is stabilized and precipitated by an internal coagulating fluid (usually water) which flows out the center tube. 

Figure 17.3.13 (a) SEM of the entrance-side holes in an array with PVC-NPOE gel cast at 70 °C. (b) Simplified diagram of the setnp for flow experiment. (Reprinted with permission from (118). Copyright 1997 Elsevier Science). 

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