Casting composite-modified

Another substantial increase in delivered energy was obtained by incorporating substantial amounts of solid oxidizer e.g., ammonium perchlorate) and metallic fuel e.g., aluminum) in the casting powder. The resulting family of composite-modified double-base (CMDB) propellants has found widespread use in ballistic missiles and space motors. 

During the past 10 years great strides have been made in the development and service application of highly loaded, synthetic rubber-base and interstitially-cast double-base composite-modified propellants. Largely for this reason and for economic and logistic reasons as well, the slurry-cast nitrocellulose plastisols have been relegated to a secondary role. 

In many cases design modifications can substantially improve the productibility of the products and reduce their cost with improved product quality. As an example if voids exist the problem can usually be corrected by modifying or changing the plastic s composition and/or the use of a vacuum system during the casting. Understanding the effects of the process on the product is essential in making successful products. 

Membranes UF membranes consist primarily of polymeric structures (polyethersulfone, regenerated cellulose, polysulfone, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, or various fluoropolymers) formed by immersion casting on a web or as a composite on a MF membrane. Hydrophobic polymers are surface-modified to render them hydrophilic and thereby reduce fouling, reduce product losses, and increase flux [Cabasso in Vltrafiltration Membranes and Applications, Cooper (ed.). Plenum Press, New York, 1980]. Some inorganic UF membranes (alumina, glass, zirconia) are available but only find use in corrosive applications due to their high cost. 

The effect of casting solution composition on flux and rejection of formamide-modified cellulose acetate membranes is shown in Figure 1, illustrating the general capability of this membrane type as function of solvent concentration. Membranes of casting solution composition cellulose diacetate/acetone/ formamide 23/52/25 (solvent-to-polymer ratio 2.26) were used as reference membranes in this work. 

Clay/ionic liquid modified electrodes Sun investigated the use of Hb/clay/IL composite MEs for the electrocatalytic detection of HjOj, TCA, and nitrite [43]. The IL [C4CiIm][PFg] (2 mL) was stirred with bentonite clay (1 mg) for 1 h after which 1 mg of Hb was dispersed into the mixture. A volume of this dispersion was then cast onto a freshly polished basal plane pyrolytic graphite (BPPG) electrode. UV-Vis studies revealed the position of the Hb Soret band to be 410 and 412 nm for dry and buffer-immersed films, respectively. This is consistent with a near-native environment surrounding the heme within Hb in the Hb/clay/... 

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