Cascade diagram

We are now in a position to incorporate material balance into the synthesis procedure with the objective of allocating the pinch point as well as evaluating excess capacity of process MS As and load to be removed by external MSAs. These aspects ate assessed through the mass-exchange cascade diagram. 

Figure 5.5 The revised cascade diagram for the dephenolization example.

Using the cascade diagram, solve Problem 3.3. Also, synthesize an MEN which h the minimum number of units satisfying the MOC solution. Employ the mass-load paths to reduce the number of mass exchangers at the expense of increasing operating cost. 

IHIaimmn Utility Targets Using the Algebraic Cascade Diagram... 

We now solve the pharmaceutical case study described in Section 9.1.2. using the algebraic cascade diagram. The first step is the constniction of the TID (Fig. 9.10). Next, the TEHL s for the process hot and cold streams are developed (Tables 9.2. and 9.3). Figures 9.11 and 9.12 show the cascade-diagram calculations. The results... 

As has been mentioned before, for minimum utility usage no heat should be passed through the pinch. Let us illustrate this point using the cascade diagram. Suppose that we use kW more than the minimum heating utility. As can... 

Figure 9.11 The cascade diagram for the pharmaceutical case study.

It is not necessary to draw up a separate cascade diagram. This was done in Figure 3.23 to illustrate the principle. The cascaded values can be added to the problem table as two additional columns see example 3.16. 

First, the MER targets are computed using the TI method, as summarized in the cascade diagram of Figure 10.14, where the pinch temperatures are 140 and 150°C, and the minimum hot and cold utility duties are 60 kW and 160 kW, respectively. 

Ilfiire 10.14 Cascade diagram for Example 10.7, Awing temperature intervals, heat balances, and I Rsiduals, AH, and in kilowatts. 

This paper presents the DECRIS approach to the modeling of infrastructure interdependencies in a RVA. First, we briefly review some current approaches as a basis for our methodology development. Second, we describe our semi-quantitative approach, illustrated by what we refer to as a cascade diagram . Last, we discuss pros and cons of the method and some further work needed. The interdependency modeling is an integral part of the overall DECRIS RVA methodology, and the modeling is illustrated by an example from the Oslo case study in DECRIS. 

Describe interdependencies qualitatively (using a cascade diagram ), and perform a semi- quantitative assessment of the total risk related to the... 

This task is only carried out if the semi-quantitative analysis does not provide sufficient information. In the quantitative analysis we may use FTA, network models of the infrastructure and capacities, and event tree analysis (ETA). As discussed by Kroger (2008), methods like FTA may have some shortcomings for analysis of complex interdependencies. However, to further investigate specific nodes of interest revealed in the cascade diagram (in Figure 4 and Figure 5), should not he more comphcated than in most other situations when FTA is useful. An example of use of FTA for assessment of power system rehahihty, can he found in Volkanovski et al. (2009). 

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