Cartagena Declaration

UNHCR (1992a) Persons covered by the OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and by the Cartagena Declaration on Refugees (Submitted by the African Group and the Latin American Group), EC/1992/SCP/CRP.6, 6 April. 

Keywords protection, refugees, asylum. South America, forced migration, 984 Cartagena Declaration, Mexico Plan of Action, Solidarity Resettlement Programme, internal displacement, statelessness... 

For further discussion of the Cartagena Declaration, see Fischel De Andrade s chapter in this volume. 

In one form or another, the language of precaution has now been adopted in many international treaties and conventions, such as the North Sea Declaration (1987), The Ozone Layer Protocol (1987), the Ministerial Declaration of the Second World Climate Conference (1990), the Maastricht Treaty that created the European Union (1994), the United Nations Fisheries Convention (1995), The London Convention Protocol on ocean dumping (1996) and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000), among others. 

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