Carta

In England, the Magna Carta provided a standard of measurement for the sale of ale and wine. In 1643, the English Parliament proposed the first tax on distilled spirits. In the American colonies, William Kieft, Director General of New Nethedand, imposed the first liquor tax of two guilders on each half vat of beer in 1640. Alexander Hamilton initiated an excise tax on domestic spirits in 1791. The tax was resented and ultimately repealed in 1800 by Thomas Jefferson. Except during the War of 1812, domestic spirits remained untaxed until 1862. At that time, a tax of 0.02/L was implemented, which has been increased periodically. In January 1991, the Pederal Excise Tax on distilled spirits was raised to 3.56 per titer or 13.50 per proof gallon. In addition, many states have substantially increased the state excise taxes on distilled spirits. 

Adsorption and Ion Exehange M. Douglas LeVan, Giorgio Carta, Carmen M. Yon 16... 

Giorgio Carta, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Chemical Society, International Adsorption Society (Section 16, Adsorption and Ion Exchange)... 

Lenhoff, J. Chromatogr., 384, 285 (1987)] or by direct numerical solution of the conservation and rate equations. For the special case of no-axial dispersion with external mass transfer and pore diffusion, an explicit time-domain solution, useful for the case of time-periodic injections, is also available [Carta, Chem. Eng. Sci, 43, 2877 (1988)]. In most cases, however, when N > 50, use of Eq. (16-161), or (16-172) and (16-174) with N 2Np calculated from Eq. (16-181) provides an approximation sufficiently accurate for most practical purposes. 

Other cases, involving an arbitrary relationship between the solute retention factor and the modulator concentration can be handled analytically using the approaches of Frey [Biotechnol. Bioeng., 35, 1055 (1990)] and Carta and Striugfield []. Chromatogr, 605, 151 (1992)]. 

Carta M, Ariwodola OJ, Weiner J L, et al Alcohol potently inhibits the kainate receptor-dependent excitatory drive of hippocampal interneurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U SA 100 6813-6818, 2003... 

Recovery of phenylalanine from aqueous solutions by cation-exchange resins has been reported by Carta and co-workers (Borst et al., 1997). It might be possible to improve the efficiency of resin treatment by raising the operating temperature, to, say, 65 °C. 

Cocco P, Carta P, Flore C, et al. 1996. Mortality of lead smelter workers with the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient phenotype. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 5(3) 223-225. 

Lobo, F. (1999), Genericos y precios de referenda , Cartas CEDEF, 4, 1-3. 

Wei, J. Z., Hale, K., Carta, L., Platzer, E., Wong, C., Fang, S. C. and Aroian, R. V. (2003). Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins that target nematodes . Proceedings National Academy Science USA, 100(5), 2760-2765... 

The same equations can also be used as a good approximation for other rate mechanisms with N calculated according to Table 16-13. When tc is large, Eq. (16-185) describes a single feed injection and approaches the results of Eqs. (16-173) and (16-148) for small and large values of (J), respectively. See Seader and Henley (gen. refs.), and Carta, op. cit., for sample calculations. 

Coinu R, Carta S, Urgeghe, PP, Mulinacci N, Pinelli P, Franconi F and Romani A. 2007. Dose-effect study on the antioxidant properties of leaves and outer bracts of extracts obtained from Violetto di Toscana artichoke. Food Chem 101(2) 524-531. 

L Lucchi, S Banni, MP Melis, E Angioni, G Carta, V Casu, R Rapana, A Ciuffreda, FP Corongiu, A Albertazzi. Kidney Ini 58 1695-1702, 2000. 

Migliorini C, Meissner JP, Mazzotti M, Carta G (2000) Biotechnol Prog 16 600... 

Byers CH, Sisson WG, DeCarli JP II, Carta G (1990) Biotechnol Prog 6 13... 

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