Carotenoids spectroscopic studies

Rimai, L., Heyde, M.E., and Gill, D. 1973. Vibrational spectra of some carotenoids and related linear polyenes. A Raman spectroscopic study. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95 4493 4501. 

Koyama, Y. and Hashimoto, H. 1993. Spectroscopic studies of carotenoids in photosynthetic systems. In Carotenoids in Photosynthesis (G. Britton and A.J. Young, eds), pp. 327-408. Chapman Hall, London. 

Rimai L, Gill D and Parson JL (1971) Raman spectra of dilute solutions of some stereoisomers ofvitamin A-type molecules. J Am Chem Soc 93 1353-1357 Rimai L, Heyde ME and Gill D (1973) Vibrational spectra of some carotenoids and related linear polyenes. A Raman spectroscopic study. J Am Chem Soc 95 4493 501 Robert B (1983) Etude par diffusion Raman de resonance de complexes proteine-pigment antennes des RhodospiiiUales. These Doct. 3eme Cycle, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris... 

The spectroscopic and photochemical properties of the synthetic carotenoid, locked-15,15 -cA-spheroidene, were studied by absorption, fluorescence, CD, fast transient absorption and EPR spectroscopies in solution and after incorporation into the RC of Rb. sphaeroides R-26.1. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification of the synthetic molecule reveal the presence of several Ai-cis geometric isomers in addition to the mono-c/x isomer of locked-15,15 -c/x-spheroidene. In solution, the absorption spectrum of the purified mono-cA sample was red-shifted and showed a large c/x-peak at 351 nm compared to unlocked all-spheroidene. Spectroscopic studies of the purified locked-15,15 -mono-c/x molecule in solution revealed a more stable manifold of excited states compared to the unlocked spheroidene. Molecular modeling and semi-empirical calculations revealed that geometric isomerization and structural factors affect the room temperature spectra. RCs of Rb. sphaeroides R-26.1 in which the locked-15,15 -c/x-spheroidene was incorporated showed no difference in either the spectroscopic properties or photochemistry compared to RCs in which unlocked spheroidene was incorporated or to Rb. sphaeroides wild type strain 2.4.1 RCs which naturally contain spheroidene. The data indicate that the natural selection of a c/x-isomer of spheroidene for incorporation into native RCs of Rb. sphaeroides wild type strain 2.4.1 was probably more determined by the structure or assembly of the RC protein than by any special quality of the c/x-isomer of the carotenoid that would affect its ability to accept triplet energy from the primary donor or to carry out photoprotection. 

Kj0sen, H. Synthetic and Spectroscopic Studies of Carotenoids, The University of Trondheim, Trondheim, 1970. 

Lieben (1836-1914) Identification of carotene in animal tissues first chemist to study carotenoids in animal tissues Spectroscopically studied the luteal pigments called their extract hemolutein [48, 53]... 

D. (1973) Vibrational spectra of some carotenoids and related linear polyenes - Raman spectroscopic study. /. Am. Chem. Soc., 95 (14), 4493-4501. Schulz, H., Baranska, M, and Baranski, R. (2005) Potential of NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy in natural carotenoid analysis. Biopolymers, 77 (4), 212-221. Baranska, M., Schutze, W, and Schulz, H. (2006) Determination of lycopene and /J-carotene content in tomato fruits and related products Comparison of FT-Raman, ATR-IR, and NIR spectroscopy. Anal Chem., 78 (24), 8456-8461. 

Molecular, spectroscopic, and functional genomics studies have demonstrated the remarkable similarity among the components of the photosynthetic machinery of cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. These organisms also share the need to balance the collection of energy for photosynthesis with the threat of photodestruction. Carotenoids are central to attaining this balance. 

Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. A review of the interpretation of resonance Raman spectra of biological molecules includes a consideration of carotenoids and retinal derivatives. Another review of resonance Raman studies of visual pigments deals extensively with retinals. Excitation profiles of the coherent anti-Stokes resonance Raman spectrum of j8-carotene have been presented. Resonance Raman spectroscopic methods have been used for the detection of very low concentrations of carotenoids in blood plasma and for the determination of carotenoid concentrations in marine phytoplankton, either in situ or in acetone extracts. ... 

Physical Methods and Physical Chemistry.—Physical diet hods, e.g. chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, are used routinely in the separation, purification, and characterization of carotenoids and related compounds, and of intermediates in their synthesis. This section will consider only those papers which are devoted largely or entirely to detailed study or analysis of such physical techniques, or which include systematic surveys, often with tabulated data. 

A study of a we o-tetraphenylporphyrin bearing four negatively charged, bixin-based carotenoid substituents has shown that in water at pH 9, unilamellar vesicles made up of monolayer membranes are formed [169]. In the presence of guanidi-nium porphyrin counter ions, excitation at wavelengths absorbed by porphyrins leads to photoinduced electron transfer. Spectroscopic evidence for the bixin radical cations and porphyrin radical anions was obtained. Presumably, photoinduced electron transfer from the bixin to porphyrin first excited singlet states is involved in the formation of the radical ions. 

Miscellaneous Physical Chemistry. Various aspects of the physical chemistry of /3-carotene and related carotenoids have been reported, including several theoretical calculations related to spectroscopic properties,investigations of carotenoid triplet states and triplet energies,studies of carotenoid radical ions, and examination of electron-transfer reactions between carotenoids and chlorophyll Two reviews offer brief surveys of the year s literature on the photochemistry of... 

Miscellaneous Spectroscopy and Physical Chemistry. The photochemistry of retinal and analogues and visual pigments has been reviewed.Another review discusses flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis of some carotenoids and visual pigments.Theoretical and experimental studies of carotenoids by various spectroscopic methods have been reported. Similar studies on retinal and derivatives have also been published. ... 

This chapter has focused almost exclusively on the electronic structures and dynamics associated with carotenoids in all-trans configurations. Although all-trans carotenoids often are selected by lightharvesting complexes, c/x-isomers tend to be employed by photosynthefic reaction centers, and it is important to understand both how the energetics and the kinetics are modified for cis conformers. One obvious problem in carrying out such studies, at least in vitro, is the thermal and photochemical instability of the cis forms. Nevertheless, the importance of these isomers in vision and in photoprotection provides strong motivation for extending spectroscopic and time-resolved studies to these systems. 

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