Cardiac reference compounds

Eight healthy human volunteers, four males and four females, ages 20-24, were exposed individually (whole body) to concentrations at 0 (air), 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, or 8,000 ppm for 1 h in a 13.6 m3 room (Emmen and Hoogendijk 1998 Emmen et al. 2000).2 Each subject was exposed at each concentration in a partially blind ascending order of concentration. With the exception of one 14-d interval, each exposure was separated by a period of 7 d. Chlorofluorocarbon-12 (CFC-12) was used as a reference compound. No mention was made of the ability of the test subjects to recognize the odor of either test chemical. Prior to and during exposures, blood pressure and cardiac rate and rhythm (EKG) were monitored. Pulmonary function, as indi... 

Sample 30-50 pi drug extracts, depending on the total cardiac glycoside concentration, concentration 5 (il reference compound solutions. 

The first four materials (IRMM/IFCC-452, 453, 454, 455) are expected to be released during 2000. Projects on the certification of reference materials for cardiac marker (myoglobin) and total protein concentration in serum are under discussion. Even so the number of available CRMs for clinical chemistry and occupational toxicology is still limited. This has to do with the complexity of physiological compounds (e.g. proteins), the instabihty (e.g. enzymes), or the volatility (e.g. solvents). 

His published work covered many fields and included diverse subjects such as the chemistry of amino acids and peptides, especially glutathione mineral metabolism, with special reference to calcium melanin pigment metabolism ascorbic acid metabolism metabolic aspects of cardiac muscle and analytical techniques for lipids, nitrogenous compounds, and cortisol. He was an extraordinarily meticulous analyst who, from the first, maintained that the standards of technique in the service laboratory should be the same as those required for research purposes. He maintained that the fulfillment of clinical chemistry demanded equal collaboration between physician and chemist. The function of the latter was not to usurp that of the former but to assist the clinician by helping to shed light on the nature of an illness. 

Figure 4.1.2 In vitro effects of triorganotin compounds on rat cardiac SR Ca uptake. (Reproduced from Reference 41, with kind permission of Springer Science and Business Media.)...

R22. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance of cardiac and skeletal muscles Ingwal, J. S. Am. J. Physiol. 1982, 242, H729-H744. A review with 82 references on metabolism of phosphorus compounds in muscle. 

---