Cardiac hypertrophy physiological

The phosphatase calcineurin plays a critical role in many different physiological systems. After the initial elucidation of the central role this enzyme plays in the immune system, it has recendy been implicated in synaptic plasticity and other neuronal processes, in cardiac valve development, and even in cardiac hypertrophy. The later is a disease process for which a calcineurin-regulated pathway may be a good site for therapeutic intervention. In all of these systems, the calcineurin... 

Cellular and Morphological Adaptations of Pathological and Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy... 

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McMullen, J., Shioi, T., Zhang, L., Tamavaski, O., Sherwood, M.C., Kang, P.M., and Izumo, S. 2003. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi 10a) plays a critical role for the induction of physiological, but not pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 12355-12360. 

A and/or B Cardiac inotropic responses Physiological cardiac hypertrophy Cardiac adaptation to exercise and pressure overload... 

O Connell TD, Ishizaka S, Nakamura A, et al. The a1A/c- and a1B-adrenergic receptors are required for physiological cardiac hypertrophy in the double-knockout mouse. J Clin Invest 2003 111 1783-1791. 

Xiang, W Kong, J., Chen, S Cao, L.P., Qiao, G Zheng, W Liu, W Li, X., Gardner, D.G. and Li, Y.C. (2005) Cardiac hypertrophy in vitamin D receptor knockout mice role of the systemic and cardiac renin-angiotensin systems. American Journal of Physiology. 

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