Carcinogenic event

Genotoxicity—A specific adverse effect on the genome of living cells that, upon the duplication of affected cells, can be expressed as a mutagenic, clastogenic or carcinogenic event because of specific alteration of the molecular structure of the genome. 

In medulloblastoma tumors in humans, misregulation of H3K9 methylation is implicated as a carcinogenic event with L3MBTL3 possibly serving as a tumor suppressor as evidenced by its deletion in some medulloblastoma cell lines [21]. 

It is probable that the transport properties are relatively insignificant in the Ames assay, for the only possibility would be the transport of the agent through the cell wall of the bacterium. Thus it is probable that the dibenzylnitrosamine either does not undergo metabolism or, once the metabolism has occurred, the electrophile does not behave in the usual fashion to give a carcinogenic event. Some evidence has been reported which would... 

In summary, substantial progress has been made over the past few years in understanding the cytoplasmic organelle peroxisome and factors that alter its normal functions. Peroxisome proliferator-in-duced increase in the liver peroxisomes is associated with an approximately two-fold increase in catalase activity and several-fold increases in the activity of the peroxisomal fatty acid jS-oxidation system. It is also evident from the available literature that hepatic peroxisomal proliferation appears to be a carcinogenic event in rodents, and this may depend on the potency of the inducer. However, there is no single mechanism that is attributed to the peroxisome proliferation or carcinogenesis induced by... 

Nevertheless, the main physiological action reported for limonene concerns cancer prevention and therapy. In fact, there is some evidence to suggest that /(-limonene may afford protection from chemical tumor formation. Limonene has been shown to block and suppress carcinogenic events, because certain biochemical pathways in tumor tissues may be sensitive to the inhibitory action of /(-limonene and certain terpene constituents of essential oils (Elson and Yu, 1994). 

There is also the awareness that sensitivity to environmental insult, and subsequent expression of that insult, does not cease with birth. The mammal at term is not a miniature adult a partial list of systems still undergoing differentiation include the nervous, endocrine, urogenital, digestive and immune systems. Expression of an insult incurred utero may not develop until after birth, in the human up to ten years of age for most detected anomalies, but with a latency of 15-30 years for carcinogenic events. 

Defective glycosyl transfer can be seen as an indirect consequence of the initial carcinogenic events and most abnormal saccharide structures will play... 

This change can lead to an alteration (mutation) of the genetic code, which may then generate a line of rapidly and indiscriminately proliferating cells typical of cancer. Not all mutations are carcinogenic in fact, most of them lead to the destruction of only the one affected cell. Exposure to the carcinogen simply increases the likelihood of a carcinogenic event. 

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