Carcinogenesis androgens

Dietary stilbene found in grapes and peanuts. Potent antagonist of chemical carcinogenesis androgen receptor antagonist. 

Xing, N, Y Chen, SH Mitchell, and CYF Young. 2001. Quercetin inhibits the expression and function of the androgen receptor in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 22(3) 409 414. 

Bone maturation Use cautiously in healthy males with delayed puberty. Monitor bone maturation by assessing bone age of the wrist and hand every 6 months. Carcinogenesis There are rare reports of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients receiving long-term therapy with androgens in high doses. 

Smirnova, I.O. Turusov, V.S. (1988) 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine carcinogenesis in neonatally androgenized CBA mice. Carcinogenesis, 9, 1927-1929... 

Turusov, V.S., Chemeris, GY Parfenov, Y.D. (1985) Pararenal angiosarcoma induced in male mice by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine—a model for studying the role of androgens in chemical carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis., 6, 325-331... 

CaSR may also influence the proliferative and apoptotic status of the cells indirectly via modulation of cell volume homeostasis. Indeed, stimulation of CaSR in human epithelial cells induces upregulation of volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC) via a G protein-mediated increase in intracellular cAMP (Shimizu, et al., 2000). Proliferation and apoptosis are associated with essential volume perturbations [e.g., (Lang, et al., 2000)] and VRAC, a key component of homeostatic volume regulation, has been directly implicated in proliferation (Chen, et al., 2002, Doroshenko, et al., 2001, Shen, et al., 2000, Wang, et al., 2002) and apoptosis (Lemonnier, et al., 2004, Okada, et al., 2001, Okada, et al., 2006, Shen, et al., 2002). Consequently, extracellular Ca2+ may affect carcinogenesis via the CaSR-VRAC-cell volume links. The Ca2+ -permeable store-operated channel (SOC) is directly and functionally coupled to VRAC in an androgen-dependent LNCaP human prostate cancer epithelial cell line (Lemonnier, et al., 2002), evidence for another, CaSR-unrelated, potential mechanism for extracellular Ca2+ involvement in proliferative and apoptotic events. 

Li B, Sun A, Youn H, Hong Y, Terranova PE, Thrasher JB, Xu P, Spencer D. Conditional Akt activation promotes androgen-independent progression of prostate cancer. Carcinogenesis 2007 28 572-583. 

See also Androgens Arsenic BCNU (Bischloroethyl Nitrosourea) Carcinogenesis Cispiatin Corticosteroids Cyciophosphamide Gaiiium Mitomycin C Nitrogen Mustard Piatinum. 

Lee, H. H., Ho, C.-T., and Lin, J. K. 2004. Theaflavin-3,3 -digallate and penta-O-gal-loyl-P-D-glucose inhibit rat liver microsomal 5a-reductase activity and the expression of androgen receptor in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 25 1109-18. 

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in males living in developed countries and the second leading cause of cancer death. Curcumin has been reported to have anti-prostate cancer activity in vitro and in vivo [50-52]. Although mechanisms of action have been postulated [53], they are not yet fully understood. The androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in prostate carcinogenesis therefore, anti-AR reagents such as hydroxyflutamide are widely used for the treatment of prostate cancer. 

Boileau TW, Liao Z, Kim S, Lemeshow S, Erdman JW Jr, Clinton SK (2003) Prostate carcinogenesis in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-testosterone-treated rats fed tomato powder, lycopene, or energy-restricted diets. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 1578-1586 Bonaccorsi L, Muratori M, Carloni V, Marchiani S, Formigli L, Forti G, Baldi E (2004) The androgen receptor associates with the epidermal growth factor receptor in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. Steroids 69 549-552... 

Wang TT, Hudson TS, Wang TC, Remsberg CM, Davies NM, Takahashi Y, Kim YS, Seifried H, Vinyard BT, Perkins SN, Hursting SD (2008) Differential effects of resveratrol on androgen-responsive LNCaP human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Carcinogenesis 29 2001-2010... 

F.M. Lin, L.R. Chen, E.H. Lin, F.C. Ke, H.Y. Chen, M.J. Tsai, P.W. Hsiao, Compoimds from Vieddia chinensis synergisfically suppress androgen activity and growth in prostate cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 28 (2007) 2521-2529. 

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