Carboxylic acid-containing polymers synthesis

Figure 13.13 Synthesis of carboxylic acid-containing polymers via ADMET.

If the dicarboxylic acid has been present in excess in the reaction mixture, then the resulting polyester uses up more sodium hydroxide for the same Molecular weight of the polyester which has been prepared by the complete equivalencies of the monomers. If the amount of dicarboxylic acid during the synthesis of the ester is very high and if all the molecules of the polymers contain carboxyl groups at both ends, then the consumption of sodium Organisation and Qualities... 

Commercially available hyperbranched polymer, a poly(ester-amide) is currently being marketed by DSM under the product name Hybrane [13] (Figure 8.2). It is also a hydroxyl-functionalized product, but contains both amide and ester linkages. The synthesis is accomplished in two steps cyclic anhydrides are reacted with diisopropanolamine to give an amide-intermediate, possessing two hydroxyl groups and one carboxylic acid. The subsequent polymerization takes places via an oxazolinium intermediate which results in the formation of a... 

Ricinoleic acid is a bifunctional fatty acid containing a hydroxy group along the fatty chain. The presence of both carboxylic and hydroxyl groups allows incorporation of ricinoleic acid into a polymer backbone by formation of an ester bond. The synthesis of poly(ester-anhydride) contains two steps trans-... 

Among the carboxylic acid and anhydride functional monomers that have been employed in the synthesis of these thickener polymers are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, maleic anhydride, and citraconic anhydride. The copolymers containing maleic and citraconic anhydride monomers are either hydrolyzed or partially esterified to obtain the required carboxyl functionality. Among these carboxylic monomers, maleic anhydride and particularly methacrylic acid are most frequently favored. Carboxylic homopolymers, where they can be formed, might be considered the simplest examples of ASTs were it not for the fact that they are not copolymers as defined, and some are water soluble in their un-ionized states. Examples of carboxylic homopolymers are the un-ionized free-radical-polymerized atactic forms of polyacrylic acid (i) and polymethacrylic acid (2), which are both readily soluble in water. 

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