Carbonaceous limestone

Carbonaceous limestone contains various types of organic material, such as peat, natural asphalt, and even oil shale (qv), as impurities. Such stone is often black and may exude a fetid odor. 

Carbon-14 labeled materials, basic building blocks of, 21 273 Carbonaceous fiber, 13 383-385 Carbonaceous limestone, 15 27 Carbonaceous materials, characteristics of, 12 762... 

Carbonaceous limestone contains organic matter as an impurity. It is often dark grey and has a musty odour. 

Odor. Except for highly carbonaceous species, most limestones are odorless. Quick and hydrated limes possess a mild odor that is characteristic but difficult to describe except that it is faintly musty or earthy, not offensive. 

The product obtained is white calcium cyanamide whereas the product obtained from limestone and coal contains carbonaceous (graphite) impurities. None of these processes has been commercially exploited. 

CO2 is also recovered economically from the flue gases resulting from combustion of carbonaceous fuels, from fermentation of sugars and from the calcination of limestone recovery is by reversible absorption either in aqueous Na2COi or aqueous ethanolamine (Girbotol process). 

Increase of reservoir permeability and widening of the fissures and channels through the etching of carbonaceous rocks in limestone reservoirs by organic acids produced by anaerobic bacteria... 

Bitumen a semisolid to solid hydro-carbonaceous material found filling pores and crevices of sandstone, limestone, or argillaceous sediments. 

Jan Baptist van Helmontj 1577-1644. Belgian physician and chemist who made a detailed study of carbon dioxide (gas sylvestre) and understood its preparation by the burning of charcoal or other carbonaceous organic material, by fermentation of beer and wine, and by action of vinegar on shells and limestone. See also ref. (86). 

There is another family. of limestones termed the swineetone, and bituminous limestone or sometimes stinketme or fetid limestone, from its giving out an offensive smell when nibbed against any hard substance. This mineral is dark in the color, owing to the carbonaceous matters combined with it, and very hard hut when burned it is white, and forms an. excellent pure lime and a good flux. 

Apart from recurrent thin dolomitic limestone beds in The Narrows sequence, carbonates are present in all deposits in only trace or accessory amounts. Siderite occurs in all deposits, and is persistent through the sequence at Byfield and Condor, except for the carbonaceous units where its incidence is variable. At Condor, a second, possibly calcian siderite, occurs but only with an identical distribution through the sequence to the buddingtonite. Other evaporites, gypsum, halite and jarosite occur only in trace amount in the deposits. 

Colour. The colour of limestone often reflects the levels and nature of the impurities present. White deposits are generally of high purity. Various shades of grey and dark hues are usually caused by carbonaceous material and/or iron sulfide. Yellow, cream and red hues are indicative of iron and manganese. Impurities in marble often produce a variety of colours and patterns. 

Odour. Limestone often has a musty or earthy odour, which is caused by its content of carbonaceous matter. 

Water absorption depends on the porosity, the distribution of pore sizes and the level of carbonaceous matter. Thus a dense limestone may contain 0.4 % of water by weight, while a chalk may contain 20 % of water. 

Permian Discovery Ridge 122 (upper) Carbonaceous shale, cone-in-cone structures, limestone... 

---