Carbon steel high-alloy

Tube O.D. Carbon Steel High Alloy Steel (750) Low Alloy Steel (850) Nickel-Cooper (600) Nickel (850) Nickel-Chromium-Iron (1000) Alum mum Almninmn Alloys, Copper Copper Alloys, Titanimn Alloys at Code Maximmn Allowable Temperature... 

In Europe, the first internal cathodic protection installation was put into operation in 1965 for 24 water-powered Kaplan turbines with a propeller diameter of 7.6 m. These were in the tidal power station at La Ranee in France. The protected object consisted of plain carbon and high-alloy stainless steels. Each turbine was... 

Group A Carbon and high alloy steel, low alloy steel, nickel-copper, nickel, nickel-chromium-iron. 

A 234 Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High... 

Tool steels are a diverse family with high carbon and high alloy contents. They are the strongest, hardest and most wear resistant steels, but lack toughness and weldability. Tool steels are designed for specific uses and are identified by a letter indicating the group followed by one or two numbers. 

DCS FOB, hardware including computer = 5000 (CE = 1000)/point FOB field instrumentation c/s equipment = 1800 (CE = 1000)/balloon for carbon steel. The alloy cost factors are low alloy x 1.33, high alloy x 1.5. 

Low-carbon steel, high-strength steels Austenitic stainless steels a-Brass Titanium alloys (8% Al, 1% Mo, 1% V) Aluminum alloys Solutions containing NOj, OH , H2O Solutions containing Cl , OH , Br NH3, amines Solutions containing Cl , Br , H2O, NaCl solutions... 

High carbon steel an alloy contains iron and 0.15% to 0.3% carbon... 

In most instances, corrosion test methods for plain carbon steels, high-strength low-alloy steels, and alloy steels do not differ greatly. Therefore, these steels are grouped together for the purposes of this chapter. (Alloy steels here refers to heat treatable constructional and automotive steels, and does not include the stainless steels or other high alloys.) There are some differences in the corrosion test methods used for different mill products of this group of steels, and these will be discussed. The steels covered in this chapter are defined below. 

Steels for structural use are classified as carbon steels, high-strength low-alloy steels, and alloy steels. For design purposes, these steels can be assumed to have a density of 7.85 g/cm, a modulus of elasticity of 210 GPa, and a Poisson s ratio of 0.3. Carbon steels are classified based on the percentage of carbon. Mild carbon steels (0.15-0.29 % C) with yield points in the range of 220-250 MPa and tensile strengths of 400-500 MPa are the most common structural carbon steels. Typically, an increase in carbon percent raises the yield point and increases hardness, but reduces ductility and makes welding more difficult. These drawbacks can be minimized by heat treatments. 

Forgeability of materials important must be ductile at forging temperature. Relative forgeability is as follows, with the easiest to forge first aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, copper alloys, carbon steels, low alloy steels, stainless steels, titanium alloys, high alloy steels, refractory metals and nickel alloys. 

The presence of these acids in crude oils and petroleum cuts causes problems for the refiner because they form stable emulsions with caustic solutions during desalting or in lubricating oil production very corrosive at high temperatures (350-400°C), they attack ordinary carbon steel, which necessitates the use of alloy piping materials. 

Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels. For the purposes herein plain carbon and low alloy steels include those containing up to 10% chromium and 1.5% molybdenum, plus small amounts of other alloying elements. These steels are generally cheaper and easier to fabricate than the more highly alloyed steels, and are the most widely used class of alloys within their serviceable temperature range. Figure 7 shows relaxation strengths of these steels and some nickel-base alloys at elevated temperatures (34). 

Soft magnetic materials are characterized by high permeabiUty and low coercivity. There are sis principal groups of commercially important soft magnetic materials iron and low carbon steels, iron—siUcon alloys, iron—aluminum and iron—aluminum—silicon alloys, nickel—iron alloys, iron-cobalt alloys, and ferrites. In addition, iron-boron-based amorphous soft magnetic alloys are commercially available. Some have properties similar to the best grades of the permalloys whereas others exhibit core losses substantially below those of the oriented siUcon steels. Table 1 summarizes the properties of some of these materials. 

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