Carbon reservoirs dissolved

Chemically enhanced drilling offers substantial advantages over conventional methods in carbonate reservoirs. Coiled tubing provides the perfect conduit for chemical fluids that can accelerate the drilling process and provide stimulation while drilling [1471]. The nature of the chemical fluids is mainly acid that dissolves or disintegrates the carbonate rock. 

In turn, the concentration of C02 in the atmosphere depends on the mass of the biosphere and its rate of decay after death, and on the carbonic-anhydrase concentrations in the sea surface. In future predictions of the rate of increase of C02 partial pressure in the atmosphere due to burning fossil fuels, it will be important to include the interaction of the atmospheric C02 with the bio-organic reservoir and the catalyzation of its absorption into the sea by means of the action of carbonic-anhydrase dissolved in sea water, considerations which have not been taken into account in past computations. 

Carbon reservoirs and annual fluxes are given in units of Pg C (1015g). POC, particulate organic carbon DOC, dissolved organic carbon SOC, sedimentary organic carbon. 

The most actively cycled reservoir of carbon is atmospheric C02 (it constitutes 0.034% of the atmosphere). Carbon dioxide dissolves readily in water and is in direct equilibrium with dissolved inorganic forms of carbon (H2C03, HCO, and CO7-, see Section 6.2.1.3). Once there, it may precipitate as solid calcium carbonate (limestone). Corals and algae encourage this reaction and build up limestone reefs in the process, but a much larger portion in the deep sea equilibrates only at the slow rate of... 

The two dominant exogenic reservoirs of carbon are carbonate rocks and organic matter in sediments. They are linked in the carbon cycle via atmospheric CO2 and the carbon species dissolved in the hydrosphere. The for the total... 

The resulting enters the carbon reservoir on the Earth s surface, mixing with stable as dissolved in the oceans, as in the atmosphere, and in the... 

Although the crust of the Earth and the oceans are large reservoirs of carbon dioxide gas, physical circulation of the gas between these parts and the biosphere is not considered in this book. However, some amount of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the oceans will be circulated through algae and cyanobacteria. 

Carbonate Reservoir Sizes and Fluxes between Particulate and Dissolved Reservoirs... 

This chapter summarizes the most recent compilations of carbonate reservoir size in the ocean and sediments, as well as the particulate and dissolved fluxes (Fig. 9.5) provided by the above mentioned authors. Coral reefs are probably the best documented shallow-water carbonate environment. Carbonate production on reef flats range as high as 10.000 g CaCOj m yr , with a global mean of about 1800 g CaCOj myr . Totally this amounts to 24.5 10 molyr (Table 9.1) from which 14.5-10 mol yr accumulate and 10-10 mol yr are transported to the deep-sea either by particulate or dissolved export. One of the most uncertain numbers in all these budget calculations are the estimates of the global carbonate production in... 

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