Carbon plasma utilization

Law JBK, Koo CK, Thong JTL. Horizontally directed growth of carbon nanotubes utilizing self-generated electric field from plasma induced surface charging. Appl Phys Lett 2007 91 2431081-3. 

To refine potential Olivella source zones to more specific sections of the coastline, we have employed two different archaeometric techniques, including determination of elemental composition by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the use of carbon and oxygen stable isotopes using an isotope ratio-mass spectrometer (IR-MS) (38). Each of these techniques is described below, and the final section evaluates and compares their utility in sourcing Olivella shell beads. 

Utilization of Carbon Dioxide through Nonthermal Plasma Approaches... 

Higher plasma creatinine levels were observed among workers exposed to 4-18 ppm of ambient carbon disulfide. Creatinine level in plasma may be utilized as a nonspecific biomarker of short-term renal dysfunction (Hemberg et al. 1971). Another such biomarker of renal effects may be the blood sugar level. Higher than normal blood sugar levels in response to carbon disulfide exposure were observed in a chronic-duration human study (Hemberg et al. 1971) and an intermediate-duration dog study (Lewey et al. 1941). 

Futhermore, boron also plays a key role in thermonuclear fusion research, belonging to the most abundant impurities in the plasmas of several presently operating tokamaks. Thus, boron is a constituent in carbon-based wall materials which face the plasma, and it can enter the plasma by various plasma-wall interaction mechanisms, sputtering, erosion, etc. [12], As in the case of astrophysics, fusion plasma diagnostics, by means of optical spiectroscopy, utilizes basic experimental and theoretical data on the structure and interaction of boron in various stages of ionization. 

Diagrammatic representation of the production of stomach acid. Carbon dioxide from metabolic processes is converted to carbonic acid under the influence of carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic acid and sodium chloride dissociate, hydrogen ion is actively pumped across the parietal cell membrane and associates with free chloride ion. The remaining sodium and bicarbonate ions combine and remain in the plasma to be utilized in the acid-base buffering system. 

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