Carbon nanotubes effects

Guczi, L., Stefler, G., Geszti, O., Koppany, Zs., Molnar, E., Urban, M., and Kiricsi, I. 2006. CO hydrogenation over cobalt and iron catalysts supported over multiwall carbon nanotubes Effect of preparation. Journal of Catalysis 244 24—32. 

Kashiwagi, T., Du, F., Winey, K.I., Groth, K.M., Shields, J.R., Bellayer, S., Kim, S., and Douglas, J.F. 2005. Flammability properties of polymer nanocomposites with single-walled carbon nanotubes Effects of nanotube dispersion and concentration. Polymer 46(2) 471 181. 

Xu Z, Wu Y, Hu B, Ivanov IN, Geohegan DB (2005) Carbon nanotube effects on electroluminescence and photovoltaic response in conjugated polymers. Appl Phys Lett 87 263118... 

Carbon nanotubes have shown to have great potential in delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids. Nucleic acids have been shown to associate with CNTs by non-covalent association, direct covalent linkage, and linkage through a cleavable spacer. Carbon nanotubes effectively deliver the nucleic acids into cells, while allowing for biological effect of the associated nucleic acid. 

Barzic Razvan Florin, and Barzic Andreea Irina. Thermal conduction in polystyrene/carbon nanotubes Effects of nanofiUer orientation and percolation process. Rev. Room. Chim. 6 no. 7-8 (2015) 803-807. 

Maiti, A., Svizhenko, A., Anantram, M. (2002). Electronic transport through carbon nanotubes Effects of structural deformation and tube chirality. Physical Review Letters, 88,126805. 

Yang, L., Anantram, M. R, Han, J., 8c Lu, J. P. (1999). Band-gap change of carbon nanotubes Effect of small uniaxial and torsional strain. Physical... 

Chandra, N., Namilae, S. Tensile and compressive behavior of carbon nanotubes effect of functionalization and topological defects , Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct. 13(2) (2006), 115-127... 

It is now known that ultrasonication energy can efficiently disperse the carbon nanotubes or nanoparticles in the solutions having low viscosity. In the experiments, the carbon nanotubes were added to a molten monomer solution (e-caprolactam) having low viscosity, i.e. before polymerization. So a small amount of ultrasonication energy and time are enough to break the agglomerations and disperse carbon nanotubes effectively. 

Khare RA, Bhattacharyya AR, Kulkanii AR (2011) Melt-mixed polypropylene/ acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene blends with multiwall carbon nanotubes effect of compatibilizer and modifier on minphology and electrical conductivity. J Appl Polym Sci 120 2663... 

Early transport measurements on individual multi-wall nanotubes [187] were carried out on nanotubes with too large an outer diameter to be sensitive to ID quantum effects. Furthermore, contributions from the inner constituent shells which may not make electrical contact with the current source complicate the interpretation of the transport results, and in some cases the measurements were not made at low enough temperatures to be sensitive to 1D effects. Early transport measurements on multiple ropes (arrays) of single-wall armchair carbon nanotubes [188], addressed general issues such as the temperature dependence of the resistivity of nanotube bundles, each containing many single-wall nanotubes with a distribution of diameters d/ and chiral angles 6. Their results confirmed the theoretical prediction that many of the individual nanotubes are metallic. 

Fig. 25. Room temperature Raman spectra for purified single-wall carbon nanotubes excited at five different laser wavelengths, showing evidence for the resonant enhancement effect. As a consequence of the ID density of states, specific nanotubes (n, m) are resonant at each laser frequency [195].

Many of the carbon nanotube applications presently under consideration relate to multi-wall carbon nanotubes, partly because of their greater availability, and because the applications do not explicitly depend on the ID quantum effects associated with the small diameter single-wall carbon nanotubes. 

Carbon nanotube research was greatly stimulated by the initial report of observation of carbon tubules of nanometer dimensions[l] and the subsequent report on the observation of conditions for the synthesis of large quantities of nanotubes[2,3]. Since these early reports, much work has been done, and the results show basically that carbon nanotubes behave like rolled-up cylinders of graphene sheets of bonded carbon atoms, except that the tubule diameters in some cases are small enough to exhibit the effects of one-dimensional (ID) periodicity. In this article, we review simple aspects of the symmetry of carbon nanotubules (both monolayer and multilayer) and comment on the significance of symmetry for the unique properties predicted for carbon nanotubes because of their ID periodicity. 

These properties are illustrative of the unique behavior of ID systems on a rolled surface and result from the group symmetry outlined in this paper. Observation of ID quantum effects in carbon nanotubes requires study of tubules of sufficiently small diameter to exhibit measurable quantum effects and, ideally, the measurements should be made on single nanotubes, characterized for their diameter and chirality. Interesting effects can be observed in carbon nanotubes for diameters in the range 1-20 nm, depending... 

The previous analysis of the electronic structure of the carbon nanotubes assumed that we could neglect curvature effects, treating the nanotube as a single... 

Song et al. [16] reported results relative to a four-point resistivity measurement on a large bundle of carbon nanotubes (60 um diameter and 350 tm in length between the two potential contacts). They explained their resistivity, magnetoresistance, and Hall effect results in terms of a conductor that could be modeled as a semimetal. Figures 4 (a) and (b) show the magnetic field dependence they observed on the high- and low-temperature MR, respectively. 

Carbon nanotubes have the same range of diameters as fullerenes, and are expeeted to show various kinds of size effeets in their struetures and properties. Carbon nanotubes are one-dimensional materials and fullerenes are zero-dimensional, whieh brings different effects to bear on their structures as well as on their properties. A whole range of issues from the preparation, structure, properties and observation of quantum effeets in carbon nanotubes in eomparison with 0-D fullerenes are diseussed in this book. 

Phonon Structure and Raman Effect of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes... 

A brief review is given on electronic properties of carbon nanotubes, in particular those in magnetic fields, mainly from a theoretical point of view. The topics include a giant Aharonov-Bohm effect on the band gap and optical absorption spectra, a magnetic-field induced lattice distortion and a magnetisation and susceptibility of ensembles, calculated based on a k p scheme. 

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