Carbon nanotubes continued

Carbon nanotubes continue to attract a lot of research attention because of their extraordinary mechanical, optical... 

Fig. 3. The 2D graphene sheet is shown along with the vector which specifies the chiral nanotube. The pairs of integers ( , ) in the figure specify chiral vectors Cy, (see Table I) for carbon nanotubes, including zigzag, armchair, and chiral tubules. Below each pair of integers (n,m) is listed the number of distinct caps that can be joined continuously to the cylindrical carbon tubule denoted by (n,wi)[6]. The circled dots denote metallic tubules and the small dots are for semiconducting tubules.

The direct linking of carbon nanotubes to graphite and the continuity in synthesis, structure and properties between carbon nanotubes and vapor grown carbon fibers is reviewed by the present leaders of this area, Professor M. Endo, H. Kroto, and co-workers. Further insight into the growth mechanism is presented in the article by Colbert and Smalley. New synthesis methods leading to enhanced production... 

Superconductivity has also been discovered in rather exotic materials, including the following Buckminsterfullerene (Cgo) doped with ICI Carbon nanotubes (superconductivity in just one direction) Nickel borocarbides, which contain Ni2 B2 layers alternating with R C sheets, where R is a rare earth element such as Er and organic superconductors that contain planar organic cations and oxoanions. Chemists and physicists continue to study these and other families of superconductors. 

Guzman de Villoria R, Hart AJ, Wardle BL. Continuous high-yield production of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on 2D and 3D substrates.TtCS Nano. 2011 May 17 5(6) 4850-7. 

Sundaram RM, Koziol KKK, Windle AH. Continuous direct spinning of fibers of single-walled carbon nanotubes with metallic chirality. AdvMater. 2011 Nov 16 23(43) 5064-8. 

Fraser IS, Motta MS, Schmidt RK, Windle AH. Continuous production of flexible carbon nanotube-based transparent conductive films. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 2010 Aug ll(4). 

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), notably single-walled (SWCNTs) or multi-walled (MWCNTs), have continued to attract immense research interests in electroanalytical chemistry because of their ability to exhibit unusual but excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. 

From the data obtained so far one could conclude that work with nanotubes should be done with precaution, and certain safety actions need to be considered working with nanotubes in laboratories and during their manufacture. The success of nanotechnologies will depend on continuing research in the area of toxicology of carbon nanotubes and the materials based on them. 

Interaction-induced absorption by the vibrational or rotational motion of an atom, ion, or molecule trapped within a Ceo cage, so-called endohedral buckmin-sterfullerene, has excited considerable interest, especially in astrophysics. The induced bands of such species are unusual in the sense that they are discrete, not continuous they may also be quite intense [127]. Other carbon structures, such as endohedral carbon nanotubes, giant fullerenes, etc., should have similar induced band spectra [128], but current theoretical and computational research is very much in flux while little seems to be presently known from actual spectroscopic measurements of such induced bands. 

With the advent of nanomaterials, different types of polymer-based composites developed as multiple scale analysis down to the nanoscale became a trend for development of new materials with new properties. Multiscale materials modeling continue to play a role in these endeavors as well. For example, Qian et al. [257] developed multiscale, multiphysics numerical tools to address simulations of carbon nanotubes and their associated effects in composites, including the mechanical properties of Young s modulus, bending stiffness, buckling, and strength. Maiti [258] also used multiscale modeling of carbon nanotubes for microelectronics applications. Friesecke and James [259] developed a concurrent numerical scheme to evaluate nanotubes and nanorods in a continuum. 

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