Carbon nanotubes compounding technique

NR composites and nanocomposites can be fabricated by three main techniques, namely latex compounding, solution mixing and melt blending. A variety of nanofillers, such as carbon black, silica, carbon nanotubes, graphene, calcium carbonate, organomodified clay, reclaimed rubber powder, recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) powder, cellulose whiskers, starch nanocrystals, etc. have been used to reinforce NR composites and nanocomposites over the past two decades. In this chapter, we discuss the preparation and properties of NR composites and nanocomposites from the viewpoint of nanofillers. We divide nanofillers into four different types conventional fillers, natural fillers, metal or compound fillers and hybrid fillers, and the following discussion is based on this classification. 

Das et al. incorporated MWNTs into solution-styrene-butadiene rubber (S-SBR) /butadiene rubber (BR) a 50 50 blend, using a roll milling technique [64]. In the process, MWNTs were first dispersed in ethanol, and the nanotube-alcohol suspension was then mixed with the rubber blend in a roll mill at high temperatures, denoting as the wet-mixed composites. For comparison, MWNTs were also mixed directly into the rubber compound, forming the so-called dry-mixed composites. Figure 6.25 shows the variation in DC conductivity with carbon nanotube content for MWNT/S-SBR-BR nanocomposites prepared by wet-... 

In order to prevent the irreversible capacity loss during the first cycle and to reduce the volumetric expansion of the crystal lattice, the active element can be dispersed, not in situ as above, but ex situ in a electrochemically-inactive matrix. This is a promising technique, because it reduces the phenomenon of clustering of the active species. In order to do this, two methods have been developed embedding of the particles within the support matrix and adhesion to the surface of the particles of the matrix. Various composites have been studied, but generally always we see the presence of particles of silica (Si/C) or tin Sn/C, Sn-Fe/C, Sb/CNT, SnSbo s/CNT. For the latter two compounds, Sb or SnSbo.s is deposited on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). 

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