Carbon multiphase blends

The solubility of carbon dioxide at the selected saturation conditions of 5 MPa and 40°C, is shown in Table 1. Both the uncompatibilized and the compatibilized PPE/SAN blends absorb similarly high amounts of carbon dioxide in the range of 100, mgg-1. However, in contrast to one-phase systems, the solubility data of the overall multiphase blend is not sufficient to describe the system, but the content of carbon dioxide in each blend phases needs to be considered. In the case of PPE/SAN blends compatibilized by the SBM triblock terpolymers, one can distinguish three distinct phases, when neglecting interfacial concentration gradients (idealized case) (1) the PPE phase intimately mixed with the PS block, (2) the SAN phase mixed with the PMMA block, and (3) the PB phase located at the interface between PPE/PS and SAN/PMMA. 

Brigandi PJ, Cogen JM, Pearson RA (2014) Electrically conductive multiphase polymer blend carbon-based composites. Polym Eng Sci 54 1... 

Other multiphase systems involving polymers include composite materials produced by mixing polymers with filler particles in order to modify their mechanical properties or conductivity. Typical additives include carbon black, clay, silica, and glass beads/fiber and understanding the interactions between the filler and the polymer matrix has implications for the performance of such materials. For example, carbon black has been used extensively as a reinforcing filler in a number of applications such as automotive tires and can also be blended with insulators such as semicrystalline PF to produce conductive composites used in electrical products. 

The authors of Figure 12.6 employed a plunger-type capillary rheometer and then used Eq. (5.48) to calculate shear stress. However, as described in Chapter 11 when we discussed the rheology of dispersed two-phase polymer blends, use of a plunger-type capillary rheometer is not warranted to calculate the shear stress, via Eq. (5.48), for carbon-filled PS composites, because they are multiphase systems. 

As a final point it should be emphasized that elastomeric materials are showing a higher strength if they exhibit a multiphase microstructure [183,184,186,188, 195]. This may be achieved by incorporation of suitable filler materials (carbon black, silica) by crystallization under strain, or by blending or copolymerization with an incompatible polymer. The possible role of chain orientation, loading, and scission in these cases has been discussed in 7II. 

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