Melvin Calvin carbon-14 research

Calvin cycle, reductive pentose phosphate cycle, photosyuthetlc carbon reduction cycle a series of 13 enzyme-catalysed reactions, occurring in the chloro-plast stroma in plants or the cytoplasm in photosyn-thetic bacteria, which are organized into a cycle, the purpose of which is to convert CO2 into carbohydrate using the reduced pyridine nucleotide (NADPH in plants, NADH in photosynthetic bacteria) and ATP generated in the Ught phase of photosynthesis (see Photosynthesis). The cycle was di vered by Melvin Calvin, research that earned him the Nobel Prize for... 

Research Associate and Assistant Director, Bio-Organic Group, Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley. Research on the Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis with Melvin Calvin (Nobel Laureate, 1961). 

Melvin Calvin For his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants. 1972 of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals. Christian Anfinsen... 

The photosynthetic reaction is an enormously complicated one, and involves a number of enzymes and reaction intermediates. Some of the elementary processes which occur are extremely rapid. A great deal of research has been concerned with elucidating the mechanism of the process, the most outstanding contribution being made by the American chemist Melvin Calvin, who made use of radioactive carbon-14,... 

Robert Hill demonstrated in 1937 that the oxidation of H2O to O2 and CO2 fixation into carbohydrates are separate processes (Hill 1937). He observed O2 evolution by chloroplast suspensions when artificial electron acceptors, other than CO2, are used. This reaction, which Hill called the chloroplast reaction , later became known as the ""Hill reaction . This, and the postulate of Warburg that the fixation of carbon dioxide is energy consuming but independent of hght, was confirmed by Ruben, Kamen and his coworkers in 1939-1941 after the isotope technique had found its way to biochemistry (Ruben 1939, Ruben et al. 1941). In 1945 Melvin Calvin commenced research to determine the pathway by which CO2 becomes fixed into carbohydrate. 

Melvin Calvin won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1961 for his research on the assimilation of carbon dioxide in plants. 

THE PATH OF CARBON IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS Our knowledge of the path of carbon in photosynthesis comes mainly from a series of brilliant researches initiated in 1946 by Melvin Calvin and his associates at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory of the University of Cahfornia. These workers made use of the radioactive isotope of carbon, C, from which they prepared radioactive carbon dioxide ( COj) and then fed this to unicellular algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus) and green leaves. 

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