Isotope ratios, carbon

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Ambrose, S.H. and Norr, L. 1993 Experimental evidence for the relationship of the carbon isotope ratios ofwhole diet and dietary protein to those ofbone collagen and carbonate. In Lambert, J.B. and Grupe, G., eds.. Prehistoric Human Bone Archaeology at the Molecular Level. Berlin, Springer-Verlag 1-37. 

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Figure 3.2. Average carbon isotopic ratios for all human, herbivore, carnivore, and omnivore bone samples from the European Holocene in the data base A Uncorrected ratios (Cu) B climate-corrected ratios (Cc). Only countries with more than 10 samples are included. For a description of the climatic correction procedure see text. 

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Valentini, R, Scarascia Mugnozza, G.E. and Ehleringer, J.R. 1992 Hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of selected species of a Mediterranean macchia ecosystem. Functional Ecology 6 627-631. 

The canopy effect, carbon isotope ratios and foodwebs in Amazonia. Journal of... 

Walker, PL. and DeNiro, M.J. 1986 Stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in bone collagen as indices of prebistoric dietary dependence on marine and terrestrial resources in Soutbem California. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 71 51-61. 

Van der Merwe, NJ. and Medina, E. 1991 The canopy effect, carbon isotope ratios and foodwebs in Amazonia. Journal of Archaeological Science 18 249-259. 

Schoeninger, M.J. and DeNiro, M.J. 1982 Carbon isotope ratios of apatite from bone cannot be used to reconstruct diets of animals. Nature 297 577-578. 

This paper will address three subjects a) carbon isotopic composition of bone carbonate b) the possible role of hpid metabolism in determining frae-tionation between bone carbonate and collagen and its apparent trophic signature and c) concepts of routing of carbon isotopes in the body, especially from protein foods to collagen. The discussion will be limited to carbon isotope ratios C C/ C), although we appreciate that N/ N ratios, which are also very useful in determining trophic levels and somces of protein, present similar biochemical problems. 

Table 11.2. Model calculations of weighting functions for fractionation of carbon isotope ratios (in %o) from dietary nutrient biochemical fractions to tissue biochemical fractions.

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Shikazono, N. (1988a) Oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios of calcite and evolution of hydrothermal activities in the Seigoshi gold-silver mining district, Japan. Mining Geology Special Issue, 12, 1-16. 

White, J. W. (1992). Internal standard stable carbon isotope ratio method for determination of C-4 plant sugars in honey Collaborative trial study, and evaluation of improved protein preparation procedure. J. Assoc. Ojfic. Anal. Chem. 75,543-548. 

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