Carbon disulphide tetrachloride

Selection of solvents. The choice of solvent will naturally depend in the first place upon the solubility relations of the substance. If this is already in solution, for example, as an extract, it is usually evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure and then dissolved in a suitable medium the solution must be dilute since crystallisation in the column must be avoided. The solvents generally employed possess boiling points between 40° and 85°. The most widely used medium is light petroleum (b.p. not above 80°) others are cycZohexane, carbon disulphide, benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol, acetone, ether and acetic acid. 

The mono-bromination of phenol at low temperatures in carbon disulphide or carbon tetrachloride solution results in almost exclusive para substitution ... 

A number of solvents such as the hydrocarbons, carbon disulphide and carbon tetrachloride are quite incapable of forming hydrogen bonds. 

Carbon disulphide Disulphur dichloride Benzene, including benzol Carbon tetrachloride Trichloroethylene Processes in which these substances are used, or given off as vapour, in the manufacture of indiarubber or of articles or goods made wholly or partially of indiarubber... 

Butyl ether Butyl carbitol /i-Butyl glycidyl ether Butyl mercaptan p-tert-Butyltoluene Carbon disulphide Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Carbonyl sulphide Carbary ... 

Carbon disulphide Disulphur dichloride Benzene, including benzol Carbon tetrachloride Trichiorethylene... 

Carbon black Carbon dioxide Carbon disulphide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Carbonyl chloride (phosgene)... 

S2C12, a by-product in the manufacture of carbon tetrachloride from carbon disulphide. Was used, dissolved in solvent naphtha, in the vulcanising of mbber by the cold cure process and the vapour cure process. The process was fraught with health and safety problems and has been superseded by low temperature accelerators and room temperature vulcanising (RTV) systems for silicone and polyurethane. 

The relationship between the mole fraction of carbon disulphide in the liquid and in the vapour during the distillation of a carbon disulphide-carbon tetrachloride mixture is ... 

It is most convenient to determine the spectrum in solutions. Excellent solvents are those that have poor absorptions of their own. These solvents absorbs in one region or the other. Some important solvents are (/) Chloroform (ii) carbon tetrachloride or (iii) carbon disulphide. 

Normal glass will only transmit radiation between about 350 nm and 3 /rm and, as a result, its use is restricted to the visible and near infrared regions of the spectrum. Materials suitable for the ultraviolet region include quartz and fused silica (Figure 2.28). The choice of materials for use in the infrared region presents some problems and most are alkali metal halides or alkaline earth metal halides, which are soft and susceptible to attack by water, e.g. rock salt and potassium bromide. Samples are often dissolved in suitable organic solvents, e.g. carbon tetrachloride or carbon disulphide, but when this is not possible or convenient, a mixture of the solid sample with potassium bromide is prepared and pressed into a disc-shaped pellet which is placed in the light path. 

Carbona, see Carbon tetrachloride Carbon bichloride, see Tetrachloroethylene Carbon bisulfide, see Carbon disulfide Carbon bisulphide, see Carbon disulfide Carbon chloride, see Carbon tetrachloride Carbon dichloride, see Tetrachloroethylene Carbon disulphide, see Carbon disulfide Carbon hexachloride, see Hexachloroethane Carbon monobrotnide trifluoride, see Bromotrifluoromethane... 

The more powerful the solvent-solute interaction, the more pronounced will solvent broadening be for this reason, saturated hydrocarbons are preferred as solvents for spectroscopy, and such strongly interacting media as methylene chloride and chloroform are to be avoided. It is obvious that the requirements of spectroscopy and those of solubility are in direct conflict. Carbon tetrachloride and carbon disulphide are often used as compromise solvents ) (although both of these react thermally or photochemically with many carbonyl complexes) but are generally inferior spectroscopically to alkanes. 

Seawright AA, Wilkie IW, Costigan P, et al. 1980. The effect of an equimolar mixture of carbon tetrachloride and carbon disulphide on the liver of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol 29 1007-1014. 

Similarly with the raising of the b.p. in violet or reddish-violet soln. of iodine in benzophenone, carbon disulphide, ethyl chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene chloride or benzene or in brown soln. of ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, thymol, ethyl ether, methylal, or acetone. The values for the last three solvents were rather low, presumably because of the chemical action of solute on solvent. High values with benzene are attributed to the formation of a solid soln. of solvent and solid. Confirmatory results were found by J. Hertz with naphthalene, and by E. Beckmann and P. Wantig with pyridine. The results by I. von Ostromisslensky (o-nitrotoluene), by G. Kriiss and E. Thiele (glacial acetic acid), and by H. Gautier and G. Charpy indicate polymerization, but they are not considered to be reliable. 

In support of the theory that in brown soln. a complex of solute and solvent is formed, F. Dolezalek 1 having shown that the partial press, of each form of a substance in a soln. is proportional to the molecular proportion of it present in the mixture, P. Wantig found that boiling soln. of iodine in ether, carbon disulphide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and benzene agree with the assumption that even at the b.p. there is a considerable amount of association between iodine and the solvents which form brown soln. With this hypothesis also before them, J. H. Hildebrand and B. L. Glascock measured the depression of the f.p. of certain neutral solvents—bromoform and ethylene dibromide—produce by iodine and certain liquids separately and together. With mixtures which produce violet soln. the total depression of the mixture in the constituents are considered separately or together with mixtures which produce brown soln. the total depression with the mixture is less than the sum of the separate depressions. This is taken as a proof... 

Pour several drops of bromine water into a test tube, dilute it with 5 ml of distilled water, and add 5-10 drops of chloroform. Thoroughly stir the contents of the test tube. Explain the observed phenomenon. Perform a similar experiment with other organic solvents (petrol, benzene, carbon disulphide, carbon tetrachloride). 

Pour 2-3 ml of iodine water into each of several test tubes and add 2-3 drops of an organic solvent to each of them (benzene, chloroform, petrol, carbon disulphide, carbon tetrachloride). Shake the contents of the tubes and note the colour of the organic solvent layer. What is the essence of the distribution law ... 

Water with aniline, benzene, benzyl alcohol, carbon disulphide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, ether (particularly if acidified), ethyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, nitromethane, tributyl phosphate or toluene. 

We were unable to observe the N H stretching band for diethyl-amine in more than one 4ion-polar solvent. In carbon tetrachloride the frequency value is 3321 cm-1 compared with the unperturbed value 3324 cm"1 for the vapour. For methylaniline the 1ST—H frequency was measured in carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulphide, pentane, hexane and cyclohexane in carbon tetrachloride the frequency is 3440 cm"1. By use of a heated cell we have located the N—H band in methylaniline vapour at 3450 cm"1. These data, for interaction... 

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