Carbon dioxide emissions control

As Branch Chief for the Department of Energy s Office of Carbon Dioxide Emission Control, you have been asked by the Deputy Secretary to evaluate the possible use of this approach in designing... 

The control of carbon dioxide emission from burning fossil fuels in power plants or other industries has been suggested as being possible with different methods, of which sequestration (i.e., collecting CO2 and injecting it to the depth of the seas) has been much talked about recently. Besides of the obvious cost and technical difficulties, this would only store, not dispose of, CO2 (although natural processes in the seas eventually can form carbonates, albeit only over very long periods of time). 

The carbon dioxide emission has been quantified using the apparatus shown in Figure 1. Under controlled conditions of temperature and relative humidity the emitted carbon dioxide was continuously trapped in a solution of ethanolamine in dimethylformamide (11) and titrated continuously to a preset potential with tetrabutylammonlum hydroxyde in isopropanol. 

Zhang, Z. and Folmer, H. (1998). Economic modelling approaches to cost estimates for the control of carbon dioxide emissions. Energy Economics, 20 (1), 101-120. 

One technological option that may contribute to reducing carbon dioxide emissions is COj control and CO2 chemistry [1]. 

We have designed and implemented a reactive divided wall distillation column for the production of ethyl acetate from acetic acid and ethanol. Important aspects derived from steady state simulation were considered for instance, a side tank was implemented in order to split the liquid to both sides of the wall and a moving wall inside the column that allows to fix the split of the vapor stream. The dynamic simulations indicate that it is possible to control the composition of the top and bottoms products or two temperatures by manipulating the reflux rate and the heat duty supplied to the reboiler, respectively. The implementation of the reactive divided wall distillation columns takes into account important aspects like process intensification, minimum energy consumption and reduction in Carbon Dioxide emission to the atmosphere. 

The introduction of biomass-derived components or even substitution fuels may help to alleviate the dependency on oil and to control fossil carbon dioxide emissions from transport, provided some conditions are respected ... 

Because of the seriousness of the climate change issue, probably the most important indicator of environmental performance in the future will become the measurement and control of greenhouse gases, mainly in the form of carbon dioxide. To give some idea of both the total magnitude of the problem and which countries are most responsible, the breakdown of the total world carbon dioxide emissions on a country basis is shown in Table 5.7. This table indicates that in 1990 just three... 

However, there are many factors that inflnence (even act as a deterrent to) coal use in the United States (and in many other countries) bnt the most prominent factor is the environmental impact of coal use—especially carbon dioxide emissions associated with global climate change—which is speculated to pose the greatest potential constraint on future coal utilization (Pittock, 2009 Bell, 2011). Furthermore, the uncertainty abont fntnre requirements to control these environmental impacts can itself act as a constraint on fntnre coal ntilization. 

---