Carbon black classification

In summary, we will review carbon black classifications and their properties in rubber. The three most important properties are particle size, structure, and surface area. We will discuss only the tread grades. All of the tread grades of carbon black fall within the range of 20 nm. to 40 nm. 

Rubber-grade carbon blacks, 4 775 classification, 4 777 composition, 4 765t properties of, 4 778t spectrum of available products, 4 779 uses of, 4 793-796, 794t Rubber industry... 

Application Tests. Physicochemical and special analytical test methods allow the classification of carbon blacks and a rough estimation of their application properties. Exact data on the application properties of a carbon black in a special system, e.g., plastic material or a rubber mixture, can only be given by application tests under nearly practical conditions. 

In a former exhaustive review in 1984 carbon black was classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) [4.50], an agency of the WHO, into category 3 Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This classification was confirmed in 1987. However, based on the results of the inhalation studies with rats, IARC [4.51] re-classified carbon black in 1995 in group 2B The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans. The criteria applied are Inadequate evidence in humans and sufficient evidence in experimental animals. 

Only if strong evidence can be provided that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in rats does not operate in humans, a new re-classification of carbon black by IARC in group 3 might be possible. 

ASTM D1765-01, Standard Classification Systems for Carbon Blacks used in Rubber Products, 2001. 

W. M, Hess V. E, Chirico "Classification of Rubber Grade Carbon Blacks from Different Suppliers," Paper Presented at Akron Rubber Group Symposium, Ohio, Jan. 22, 1971. 

DFG MAK 1.5mg/m3 DOT CLASSIFICATION 4.2 Label Spontaneously Combustible SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by intravenous route. Experimental reproductive effects. It can cause a dust irritation, particularly to the eyes and mucous membranes. See also CARBON BLACK, SOOT. Combustible when exposed to heat. Dust is explosive when exposed to heat or flame or oxides, peroxides, oxosalts, halogens, interhalogens, O2, (NH4NO3 + heat), (NH4CIO4 240°), bromates, Ca(OCl)2, chlorates, (CI2 + Cr(OCl)2), CIO, iodates, IO5, Pb(N03)2, HgNOs, HNO3, (oils + air), (K + air), Na2S, Zn(N03)2. Incompatible with air, metals, oxidants, unsaturated oils. 

There are a large variety of E-SBR types based on the styrene content, polymerization temperature, antioxidants, oil and carbon black content. Each of these basic classifications includes a variety of SBR polymer variations with respect to Mooney viscosities, coagulation types, emulsifier type, oil levels, and carbon black types and levels. Table 2 shows the basic series of E-SBR. 

The ASTM classification provides some information about the carbon black type, but the information still can be broadened if one also uses the old classification along with it, and that is why both classifications are frequently used. 

Typical concentration range general range - 20-50 wt% with some fillers mechanical properties decrease even at low loadings (10%) calcium carbonate - 10-60 wt%, kaolin - 20-40 wt% talc - 20-40 wt% glass beads - 20-50 vol% " carbon black - 10-30 wt% glass fiber - 1-60 01% ° magnesium hydroxide - 60-65 wt% (for V-0 classification) antimony trioxide - 10 wt% (for V-0 classification)... 

Carbon blacks with specific surface areas of up to 100 m /g can be regarded as essentially nonporous [15] since they give reversible Type II isotherms in the lUPAC classification [10]. Early physisorption measurements on carbon blacks [1] were designed to test the validity of surfiice areas determined the BET method [6]. Carbon blacks were considered [5] to be especially suitable for this purpose because the discrete nature of their spheroidal particles allowed electron microscopy to be used for the evaluation of the particle size distribution. Certain well-characterized carbon blacks are still extremely useful as reference adsorbents [11, 16]. 

Hopkins, A.R., and N.S. Lewis. 2001. Detection and classification characteristics of arrays of carbon black/organic polymer composite chemiresistive vapor detectors for the nerve agent stimulant dimethyl-methylphosphonate and diisopropylmethylphosponate. Analytical Chemistry 73(5) 884-892. 

ASTM D1795-04, 2004. Standard Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber... 

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