Carbohydrates glycoproteins and

Some biomolecules contain carbohydrate components. Nucleotides, the building block molecules of the nucleic acids, contain either of the sugars ribose or deoxyribose. Certain proteins and lipids also contain carbohydrate. Glycoproteins and glycolipids occur on the external surface of cell membranes in multicellular organisms, where they play critical roles in the interactions between cells. 

Concanavalin A-agrarose Macromolecules with glucopyranosyl and other carbohydrates (glycoproteins and glycolipids)... 

Tlie increasing importance discovered for carbohydrate stmctures and their stracture-function relationships is necessitating improved techniques in synthesis and analysis of carbohydrates, glycoproteins, and glycopeptides. Progress toward tlie automated synthesis has been reported and provides compunds for biological and phaniiaceutical studies. 

K19. Kennedy, J. F., The spectrofluorimetric determination of carbohydrates, glycoproteins and some amino acids. Automat. Anal. Chem., Technicon Symp., 1971 pp. 532-541 (1974). 

Section 25 16 Carbohydrates and proteins that are connected by a chemical bond are called glycoproteins and often occur on the surfaces of cells They play an impor tant role m the recognition events connected with the immune response... 

The plasma membrane contains a small amount of carbohydrate (2 to 10% of the mass of the membrane) on the outer surface. This carbohydrate is found attached to most of the protein molecules, forming glycoproteins, and to some of the phospholipid molecules (<10%), forming glycolipids. Consequently, the external surface of the cell has a carbohydrate coat, or glycocalyx. 

Polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and other glycoconjugates therefore may be specifically labeled on their carbohydrate portions by creating aldehyde functionalities and subsequently derivatizing them with another molecule containing an amine or a hydrazide group. This route of derivatization is probably the most common way of modifying carbohydrates. 

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