Carbohydrate determinants

VI. The Conformations and Molecular Recognition of Carbohydrate Determinants Distant from the Protein Oligosaccharide Core of Glycoproteins... 

BIOCHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE Carbohydrates, determining the cyclic structures of,... 

See the discussion in Chapter 4 Nitrate and water soluble carbohydrate. Note the extract obtained for determining nitrate in plants, which is also in saturated benzoic acid, may be used for the water soluble carbohydrate determination if diluted x2. 

It is to be emphasized that, in the absence of elements of symmetry, as is the case for carbohydrates, determination of the molecular structure should be based on both the experimental, vibrational spectra and the calculated frequencies. In order to minimize the differences between experimental and calculated results, the structure factors utilized in the calculation should take into account the previous conformational studies. The peculiarities of carbohydrate structures, such as anomeric and exo-anomeric effects, are revealed by bond shortening and torsion-angle modifications. These modifications are accompanied by a change in the vibrational-energy level, and hence, by the corresponding information in their infrared or Raman spectra. 

Weiss, J.B., Aronstein, W.S. and Strand, M. (1987) Schistosoma mansoni stimulation of artificial granuloma formation in vivo by carbohydrate determinants. Experimental Parasitology 64, 228-236. 

Estuaries with high inputs of organic waste products may exhibit processes which are different from those described above. Decomposition of organic matter is found to occur in such estuaries. This is seen from studies done on samples collected from the Ems-Dollart estuary (Fig. 12). The samples were collected at intervals of approximately 1 °/°° salinity. Dissolved organic carbon and carbohydrates determined on the samples indicate (Fig. 17) that between salinities 0 and 4°/ there is a net consumption of these two species. This is calculated from the area between the theoretical mixing line and the observed concentrations. 

Gel-filtration column chromatography, amino acid analysis and carbohydrate determination... 

Finally, an interesting example has been reported in the syntheses of new photoreactive neoglycolipid probes carrying carbohydrate determinants specific for some murine mammary adenocarcinoma cells for the study of lectin receptors on tumor cell surfaces.71... 

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