Carbaryl mixtures

In another dermal penetration study, it was shown that the absorption of the insecticide carbaryl was enhanced by the solvent acetone and the surfactant sodium lau-ryl sulfate. The synergist PO significantly increased the absorption of carbaryl when added to the acetone-carbaryl mixture [31], This study points out both the enhanced absorption of pesticide by individual inert additives as well as the further enhanced mixture effect. 

Atrazine (Aatrex 80W), alachlor (Lasso E.C.) 2,4-D ester (Weed-one LV4 E.C.), trifluralin (Treflan E.C.), carbaryl (Sevin 50W) and parathion (Security 15W) were blended, individually and as mixtures, with 60 L of water and 15 kg of sandy loam soil in 110 L... 

Our first objective was to determine whether microencapsulated methyl parathion Is unique In Its property to be carried back to the hive by bees. To that end a mixture of three commonly used insecticides along with MMP was applied to a plot of blooming rape. The agents were azlnphos-methyl (Guthlon), parathion, and carbaryl (Sevin). By using a mixture on a single plot the effects of variation In bee visitation were eliminated and the tendencies to be carried to the hive could be measured by the relative residue levels in the pollen samples. Five applications were made over a period of seventeen days. Pollen samples were collected from hives placed near the field after two, three, four, and five successive applications approximately two days after each application was made. The application rates were doubled for the last two applications. The data are shown In Table I. 

Other effects of toxic chemical mixtures on soil are not predictable. Mixtures of fertilizers and pesticides produce enhanced toxic effects. The additions of urea, superphosphate, and potash enhance the toxicities of carbaryl and carbofuran insecticides to nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soilJ26 Soil co-contaminated with arsenic and DDT does not break down DDT as rapidly as soil contaminated with DDT alone. This results in a persistence of DDT in the environment. I27 ... 

The actual molar concentration of carbary + synergist mixture was l/70th of the carbaryl concentration needed for the same lethality. Since PBO is rapidly biodegradable and thus short-lived in the environment, a reduction of 70% in the amount of carbaryl used lit snail baits would provide considerable benefits to birds and wildlife,... 

Fig. 8. Multianalysis flow-through gold-based immunoassay. Up line (C) control line (goat anti-rabbit IgG coated) middle line (ET) endosulfan test line (endosulfan hapten-OVA coated) down line (CT) carbaryl test line (carbaryl hapten-OVA coated). (A) The mixture of two gold-antibody conjugates was added (B) Anti-carbaryl antibody colloidal gold conjugate was added (C) Anti-endosulfan antibody colloidal gold conjugate was added.

TERABOL (74-83-9) see methyl bromide. TERCYL (63-25-2) see carbaryl. TEREBENTHINE (French) (8006-64-2 9005-90-7) see turpentine. TEREFTALATO de DIMETILO (Spanish) or TEREPHTHALIC ACID, DIMETHYL ESTER or TEREPHTHALIC ACID, METHYL ESTER (120-61-6) C,oHio04 Combustible solid. The dust or powder forms an explosive mixture with air (explosion limits in air 33.0 g/m to... 

Studies were initiated in 1980 to determine drift differences between air and ground applications, using one orchard location. Two climatic parameters were used, the presence and absence of a temperature inversion at the time of application. In 1980, as shown in Table I, five applications of a carbaryl/captan mixture, were made and in 1981, three applications of captan. The selection of carbaryl and captan was based on the need for exposure studies due to the uncertain registration status of the pesticides at the time of the studies. 

Analytical Methods. In 1980 where carbaryl/captan were applied in combination, a simultaneous quantitative analysis for the mixture was developed using a Water s system (model M-45 pump, 6K injector and Model 450 variable wavelength detector) high pressure liquid chromatograph system and Hewlett-Packard 3380-A integrator. A 25 cm... 

In 1980, five applications of a carbaryl/captan mixture were used, two by ground and three by air, as indicated in Table I. Analyses of off-target depositions showed that carbaryl consistently drifted further than captan when applied by air (Figure 1). One would expect that the drifting particulates would have both pesticides present, and that levels of each would be detected wherever drift occurred. This unexpected result cannot be readily attributed to sensitivity of the analyses since all samples were well above the sensitivity limits (10 ng for captan and 0.01 ng for carbaryl). The vapor pressure of captan is appreciably lower than that of carbaryl and if volatilization from drifting minute particulates was a factor, captan should have been found in greater quantities than carbaryl. 

Pesticide residues (dinoseb, pirimicarb, procymidone, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, and thiabendazole) in peaches and nectarines Fungicide residues (procymidone and thiabendazole) in apples, grapes, oranges, pears, strawberries, and tomatoes Pesticides and metabolites (naphthalene acetamide, carbaryl, 1-naphthol, thiabendazole, and carbendazime) in cucumbers Amino phosphonic acid herbicides (model mixture)... 

Obtain organochlorine and carbamate pesticide standards from a commercial source such as Polyscience Corp. or ChemService (Westchester, PA). Obtain standards of phorate and its metabolites from the manufacturer, American Cya-namid Co., Princeton, NJ. Prepare individual and mixture solutions at a level of 1 J,g/)il by dissolving 25 mg of each compound in 25 ml of solvent. For the study of chlorinated pesticides, prepare individual solutions and a mixture of heptachlor, endosulfan (Thiodan), heptachlor epoxide, lindane, dieldrin, and dico-fol (Kelthane) in hexane. For organophosphate pesticides, use phorate and its metabolites phoratoxon, phorate sulfoxide, and phoratoxon sulfoxide in ethyl acetate. For carbamates, use 3-keto carbofuran (a metabolite of carbofuran), carbaryl, and metalkamate (Bux) in ethyl acetate. 

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