Capillary consolidation

Analyses. Hydrocarbon analyses for the gaseous products were made using a 1200 Varian gas chromatograph with a 30.5 m (100 ft) support coated open tubular squalene capillary and a 21-104 Consolidated Electrodynamics Corp. mass spectrometer. 

In view of our goals, we are looking for electroklnetlc experiments with consolidated plugs of well-deflned particles. Consideration of Ill-defined materials can never lead to basic insight. Experiments with capillaries have been well understood since the 1930s. Some results for K° obtained with these systems have been mentioned In sec. 4.6e. Such values may be considered correct If K and f are independent of the pore radius. Much research has been carried out on the Influence of surface modification, especially by the Russian School... 

The relationship between capillary nnmber and residual oil saturation is well established, as reviewed by Stegemeier (1977) and Lake (1989). It is known that to obtain a substantial decrease in residual oil saturation at a micro scale in cores, the capillary number needs to be increased to two or three orders of magnitude above typical waterflood values, but the increase in polymer flood is usually less than 100. Therefore, it was believed that polymer flooding did not reduce residual oil saturation in a micro scale. However, the recovery factors from natural and artificial consolidated cores in the laboratory and in fields were generally higher when polymer flooded than waterflooded, as reviewed by Huh and Pope (2008). 

Capillary action or absorption depends on the takeup of the consolidant through the gross cell structure and voids as a result of surface-tension forces. Absorption is a factor of time, surface tension, capillary dimension and exposure, and viscosity. 

Consolidation. Once dealkalization was complete, the resulting porous samples were removed from the leach solution, rinsed with warm distilled water, and allowed to air dry at room temperature. Other drying techniques that were used included exchange of methanol for water for the purpose of drying with solutions of lower surface tension. This helped to overcome some cracking problems in the small pore porous bodies by capillary forces. 

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