Cancer Urinary estrogens

Haggans, C.J., Hutchins, A.M., and Olson, B.A. 1999. Effect of flaxseed consumption on urinary estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women. Nutr. Cancer 33, 188-195. 

Michnovicz JJ, Adlercreutz H, Bradlow HL. Changes in levels of urinary estrogen metabolites after oral indole-3-carbinol treatment in humans. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997 89 718-723. 

Chen C, Malone KE, Prunty J, Daling JR. Measurement of urinary estrogen metabolites using a monoclonal enzyme-linked immunoassay kit Assay performance and feasibility for epidemiological studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996 5 727-32. 

In experiments on patients with breast cancer, it was found that up to a two-fold increase in serum /3-D-glucuronidase followed surgery, pregnancy, prolonged estrogen or cortisone therapy, etc.206 The /3-D-glucu-ronidase rise was usually accompanied by a fall in serum esterase, in both animal and human experiments. A rise in urinary ketosteroid excretion usually paralleled the changes, in man. 

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