Cancer, treatment properties

Historically, most of the PS tested for their antimicrobial properties were already knovm to be effective for cancer treatment. They include the following classes of organic dyes porphyrin-related structures, phthalo-cyanines, phenothiazinium dyes, xanthylium dyes, and cationic fuller-enes (Dai et ah, 2009) (Table 3.3). 

If you would like a little more tantalizing cherry information, then here it is. Quite aside from the antioxidants, cherries contain another substance with interesting properties. Research has shown that perillyl alcohol produces antitumor effects in laboratory animals and that it has cancer-prevention properties. In preliminary human trials researchers have not yet seen a significant effect in terms of treatment, but perillyl alcohol does hold promise as a model for a new class of antitumor agents. 

The anticancer properties of garlic have been known since ancient times. The ancient Egyptians used garlic externally for the treatment of tumors, and Hippocrates and physicians in ancient India are reported to have used garlic externally for cancer treatment. 

Although structurally and spectrally similar, the differing redox and photophysical properties of the various lanthanide(III) texaphyrin complexes allow their use in such disparate areas as PDT, direct cancer treatment, and both X-ray and chemotherapy enhancement protocols. Both compounds 1 and 2 generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), albeit via mechanistically distinct pathways (vide infra). The ROS are thought to be responsible, at least in part, for the observed biological activity of MGd and MLu [22],... 

Another method to increase the number of metals associated with each macromolecule is to attach them, in a chelated form, to a carrier molecule with many sites of attachment. An example of this can be found in the work of Meade [29], His group has synthesized a fi-cyclodcxtrin from which seven Gd-DOTA complexes were attached using highly efficient click chemistry. The contrast agent was observed to accumulate in primary cancers but then localize in secondary metastases over the subsequent 48 hours. This is a particularly valuable property as one of the main problems with cancer treatment is the inability to detect these small secondary tumours in their early stages. 

A notable substitution product of ruthenocene is ethynyl-ruthenocene, which can be bound to estradiol, a form of estrogen studied for breast cancer treatment. With the rigid alkyne spacer, the steroid s affinity to the estrogen receptor was surprisingly unchanged upon addition of the metallocene. The addition of organometallic complexes to biomolecules may allow for the selective tuning of properties of the molecule. ... 

Binding selectivities can be increased by polar interactions, e.g., Coulomb interactions or hydrogen bonds, between functional groups of CD derivatives and functional groups at the guest. Recently, we demonstrated the superior binding properties of hepta-6-5-6-deoxy- i-CD derivatives towards the cancer treatment dmg camptothecin [47],... 

Hence, there is the tendency for cancer cells to migrate and stick to another part of the body, that is, to metastasize, forming new cancers. Another property of enzymes, therefore, is that they reduce the stickiness of cancer cells, thereby reducing the hazards of metastasis. The use of x-rays (or radiation) and chemotherapeutic agents has been observed to increase the stickiness, thus providing an explanation for the metastases that occur with these treatments. 

The elements Ca, Sr, Ba and Ra are collectively known as the alkaline earth metals. We shall have little to say about radium it is radioactive and is formed as (a-emitter, h = 1622yr) in the decay series. Uses of radium-226 in cancer treatment have generally been superseded by other radioisotopes. The properties of radium and its compounds can be inferred by extrapolation from those of corresponding Ca, Sr and Ba compounds. 

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