Caldum ion

FIGURE 41 -1. Calcium channel blockers inhibit the movement of caldum ions across the cell membrane. When calcium channels are blocked by drug molecules, musde contraction is decreased, causing the smooth musdes of the arteries and arterioles to dilate. 

MassiniP.LuscherEF. On the significance ofthe influx of caldum ion in stimulated human blood platdets. Biodiim Biophys Adal976,436 652-663... 

Mishra SR> Sabat SC. Effect of caldum ion on Hydrilk vertidllata thylakoid membrane evolution. Indian J Biochem Bio 1995 32 94-99. 

Hydroxyapatite Hydroxyapatite, which has the formula of Cajo(P04)6 (0H)2, is widely used as a sorbent for hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Hydroxyapatite is an underivatized matrix with a specific inherent surface functionality. In the 1980s, it had been introduced as ceramic beaded material with good physical strength (Kato, Nakamura, and Hashimoto, 1987). The interactions of the surface phosphate and caldum-ions with the amino and carboxyl groups of proteins are complex and not fully understood. The elution of proteins is typically... 

The occurrence of 5-lipoxygenase was implicated from the isolation of 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid produced from arachidonic add by rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes [194]. The enzyme is now known to initiate the biosynthetic pathway of some leukotrienes, and is considered to occur in various leukotriene-synthesizing tissues rabbit peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes [194], murine mastocytoma cells [201], human polymorphonuclear leukocytes [202], rat peritoneal mononuclear cells [203,204], rat basophilic leukemia cells [205,206], and horse eosinophils [207]. The 10000 X g supernatant of rat basophilic leukemia cells produces 5-hydroxy arachidonic acid, and the reaction requires the presence of caldum ion and glutathione [206]. The 100000 X g supernatant of guinea pig peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes contains a 5-lipoxygenase, which also requires calcium ion and produces 5-hydroperoxy acid in the absence of glutathione [199]. 

Trapped dyes will also record the pH or caldum ion concentration in the c3rtoplasm or sealed compartments. For this purpose indicators of a type similar to quene-1 (19) or quin-2 (18) are convenient. 

Caldum ion uptake inhibition - in vitro (rat, cells-anterior pituitary), IC50 17.0 gM. Effect assayed in GH3 cells 145... 

Toyoshima C, Sasabe H, Stokes DL. Three-dimensional cryoelectron microscopy of the caldum ion pump in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane [published erratum appears in Nature 1993 363(6426) 286] Nature 1993 362 467-471. 

Contrarily to fatty add salts (i.e., sodium laurate soap), the long-chain iV -acyl amino adds have excellent water solubility (due to the presence of additional CO-NH linkages), quick biodegradability and good lime resistance (i.e., caldum ion tolerance) [11]. The surfactant properties of pure sodium salts of iV -acyl amino acids (anionic surfactants) with different alkyl chains (saturated and unsaturated with 10-18 carbon atoms) and amino acid residues have been described and compared with those of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium laurate [11-14]. The authors showed that the critical micelle concentration (CMQ of the amino acid-based surfactants was lower than that of the SLS but higher than that of sodium laurate. The surface activity increased and the CMC decreased by raising the alkyl chain... 

Calcium is the positively charged equivalent of phosphate, producing mechanical effects within organisms. Thus potassium causes vasoconstriction and vasodilation. When a muscle fibre receives a nerve impulse, ion channels in the muscle cell open, allowing caldum ions to... 

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