Calculator exponential numbers

An attempt has been made to summarize the available literature for comparison of adsorption constants and forms of the equations used. Table XV presents a number of parameters reported by different authors for several model compounds on CoMo/A1203 in the temperature range 235-350°C (5,33,104,122,123,125-127). The data presented include the adsorption equilibrium constants at the temperatures employed in the studies and the exponential term (n) of the denominator function of the 0 parameter that was used in the calculation. The numbers shown in parentheses, relating to the value of n, indicate that the hydrogen adsorption term (Xh[H2]) is expressed as the square root of this product in the denominator. Data are presented for both the direct sulfur extraction site (cr) and the hydrogenation site (t). 

We recall that c is the velocity of the molecules. The index on v means that we calculate the number of collisions necessary for reaction in the part of the zone where the reaction rate is highest and conditions are most conducive, so that i/min is the minimum value of v. Finally, tp is a dimensionless quantity of order (but less than) unity, algebraically (but not exponentially) dependent on the reaction mechanism, the activation heat, the temperatures T0 and TB, and the reagent concentrations. From the formula it is obvious first of all that u is always many times smaller than c, and less than the speed of sound. This fact will be important for the theory of detonation (Part II). 

Calculate the number of bacteria that would be produced after 5, 10, 25, 50, and 300 h by one bacterial cell, assuming exponential growth with a generation time of 30 sec. Calculate the surface area of 1 g of spherical bacterial cells, 1 im in diameter, having a density of 1.0 g cm 3. Assuming that the surface charge density... 

In the first conversion, we multiplied the coefficient by one of the tens and ended up with one fewer ten in the exponential portion of the number. The values of all these numbers are the same only their format is different. We may need to change to different formats when we add or subtract exponential numbers, or we can use a scientific calculator. 

We can apply this procedure to calculate the quotient of two exponential numbers even when the denominator has a larger magnitude than the numerator. For example, let s divide 8.0 x 10 by 4.0 x 10. The rule for dividing exponential numbers gives the following resnlt... 

Exponential notation enables easy reporting of extremely large and extremely small numbers. A number in scientific notation consists of a coefficient times 10 to an integral power, where the coefficient is equal to or greater than 1 but less than 10. Learn how to convert numbers from exponential notation to ordinary decimal values, and vice versa, and also how to use exponential numbers in calculations. Also learn to use effectively an electronic calculator with exponential capability (see Appendix 1). (Section 2.2)... 

A chemistry student needs to have and know how to operate a scientific calculator capable of handling exponential numbers. A huge variety of features is available on calculators, but any calculator with exponential capability should be sufficient for this and other introductory chemistry courses. Practice doing calculations with the calculator. Do not stop to think about how to use the calculator while solving the chemistry problems. Because so many different models of calculator are in use today, only generic advice can be given here. Consult the owner s manual for specific directions for your calculator. 

A.21 Write the exponential number correspxmding to each of the following displays on a scientific calculator ... 

A.22 Write the display on your scientific calculator corresponding to each of the following exponential numbers ... 

EE key the key on a calculator meaning times 10 to the power, used to enter exponential numbers, effusion the escape of gas molecules through tiny openings in the container holding the gas. 

You need to be familiar with the use of exponential numbers in calculations and how to use your calculator. You should know how to calculate relative formula masses and be familiar with isotopes and the meaning of isotopic composition. You should also know how to balance equations. 

Appendix 4 Formation Constants at 25°C A-10 Appendix 5 Standard and Formal Electrode Potentials A-12 Appendix 6 Use of Exponential Numbers and Logarithms A-15 Appendix 7 Volumetric Calculations Using Normality and Equivalent Weight A-19... 

To enter an exponential number (see Section 2.3) into the calculator, enter the coefficient and then press the or I EXP I key (whichever... 

The answer is correctly represented as 1.61 x 10 . Note that when exponential numbers are added, the calculator automatically takes into account any difference in... 

Scientists must use extremely small and extremely large numbers to describe the objects in Figure 1. The mass of the proton at the center of a hydrogen atom is 0.000000000000000000000000001673 kg. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is about 0.00000011 m. The temperature at the center of the Sun reaches 15,000,000 K. Such small and large numbers are difficult to read and hard to work with in calculations. Scientists have adopted a method of writing exponential numbers called scientific notation. It is easier than writing numerous zeros when numbers are very large or very small. It is also easier to compare the relative size of numbers when they are written in scientific notation. 

Ans. When exponential numbers are multiplied, the coefficients are multiplied and the exponents are added. A simplified calculation will show the derivation of this rule ... 

The pre-exponential terms, Q, and the exponential terms, are used in the noncompartmental analysis to calculate a number of descriptive pharmacokinetic terms that describe the disposition of the drug. Each exponential term has a half-life associated with it. 

We next consider how various mathematical operations are performed using exponential numbers. First we cover the various rules for these operations then we consider how to perform them on your calculator. 

In dealing with exponential numbers, you must first learn to enter them into your calculator. First the number is keyed in and then the exponent. There is a special key that must be pressed just before the exponent is entered. This key is often labeled [EE] or (exp). For example, the number 1.56 x 10" is entered as follows ... 

Do not use X 10 when entering exponential numbers on a calculator this multiplies your answer by 10. 

You can use a calculator to add and subtract numbers in exponential notation without first converting them to the same power of ten. The only thing you need to be careful about is entering the exponential number correctly. I m going to show you how to do that right now ... 

When using a scientific calculator, don t enter the x 10 part of your exponential number. Press the EXP key to enter this part of the number. 

To enter an exponential number into your calculator, first enter the nonexponential part of the number and then press the exponent key Exp, followed by the exponent. For example, to enter 4.9 X 10, enter 4.94, then press] Exp, and then press 3. When the exponent of 10 is a negative number, press the Change of Sign key I +/-1 after entering the exponent. For example, to enter 4.94 X 10 , enter in sequence 4.941 Exp] 3 ]+/-]. In most calculators, the exponent will appear in the display a couple of spaces after the nonexponent part of the number—for example, 4.94 03 or 4.94 -03. 

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