Calculation and Results

As an example, a service-life calculation is given for Portland cement concrete with w/c 0.40 in marine environment (tidal zone), similar to the mix in the middle column of Table 11.4. The input values are given in Table 11.14. The value for was taken from a database. Using these input values in the DuraCrete model equations, the results are given in Table 11.15 for a mean service life (probability of failure 50%) and a reliable service Ufe (probability about 1%). 

It appears that the probability of corrosion initiation even with 70 mm cover depth is high (about 50 %) within fifty years. The probability of corrosion initiation after 12 y is about 1 % (corresponding to a serviceability limit state) for steel at 70-mm cover depth. The agreement with the results given in Table 11.4 is reasonable. 

Variable Concrete composition Condition Mean value 

Cover thickness (mm) Time to depassivation (y) Time to depassivation (y) 

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Figure 2 Time sequence of th< spin configuration on a (100) plane at 50% when the system at T=2.5 (snapshot a) is quenched down to T—1.7 and is subject to an isothermal aging. Snapshots demonstrated in figs, b, c and d correspond to time t=20,000, 43,000 and 50,000. The long range and short range order parameters input from the PPM calculations and resultant ones in the simulated lattice are also demonstrated [22, 24, 28]. ...

Comparison Theoretical Equilibrium Calculations and Results of Circulation Tests in Porous-Media To make this interpretation more quantitative, the regular solution theory (RST) was applied to sulfonate/desorbent dynamic equilibria reached inside porous media by using the approach described above. In so doing, we assumed that the slugs injected were sufficiently large and that a new equilibrium was reached at the rear of micellar slug in the presence of desorbent. 

When you take measurements and use them to calculate other quantities, you must be careful to keep track of which digits in your calculations and results are significant. Why Your results should not imply more certainty than your measured quantities justify. This is especially important when you use a calculator. Calculators usually report results with far more digits than your data warrant. Always remember that calculators do not make decisions about certainty. You do. Follow the rules given below to report significant digits in a calculated answer. 

The stress-optical coefficient of PE networks is calculated, and results are compared with experimental data. Observed temperature coefficients of AT and the optical anisotropy for unswollen samples are much larger than those calculated using acceptable values of E(g), the energy of the gauche conformation, relative to that of Vans. It is concluded that observed temperature coefficients should Include some contributions other than those implied in the theory, i.e., those arising from the conformational change with temperature. 

The calculations and results for the states with no phonon excitations are carried out... 

Calculation and results. For each temperature we calculated the HMX molecular center-of-mass self-diffusion coefficient determined as ... 

Tran and Mujtaba (1997), Mujtaba et al. (1997) and Mujtaba (1999) have used an extension of the Type IV- CMH model described in Chapter 4 and in Mujtaba and Macchietto (1998) in which few extra equations related to the solvent feed plate are added. The model accounts for detailed mass and energy balances with rigorous thermophysical properties calculations and results to a system of Differential and Algebraic Equations (DAEs). For the solution of the optimisation problem the method outlined in Chapter 5 is used which uses CVP techniques. Mujtaba (1999) used both reflux ratio and solvent feed rate (in semi-continuous feeding mode) as the optimisation variables. Piecewise constant values of these variables over the time intervals concerned are assumed. Both the values of these variables and the interval switching times (including the final time) are optimised in all the SDO problems mentioned in the previous section. 

The content and length of any given report will depend on the subject matter of the experiment and on the standards established by the instructor. It is om behef that at least in some cases the report should be quite complete and should include a quantitative analysis of the experimental uncertainties and a detailed discussion of the significance of the results (see the sample report given below). For many experiments a brief report with only a qualitative treatment of errors and a short discussion may be considered adequate. In either case, a clear presentation of the data, calculations, and results is essential to every report on experimental work. 

The extent of ionization, that is percentage of ionized substrate (ion pairs + free ions) of total solute concentration Cq has been calculated and results are presented in Table IX. It is seen that AB is more strongly... 

While all of these calculations and results refer to CS phases only, it would seem reasonable to assume that similar considerations would apply to many other intergrowth systems. 

DF Am/Cm increases as anticipated when scrub stages are used, while the drop in DF Cm/Am is greater than calculated and results mainly from the presence of hexavalent americium in the raffinate, instead of the AmO Am3+ mixture prevailing without a scrub section. 

In the case of dibromoethane, utilization of symmetry and other properties results in a reduction of the expression for the total potential energy to a dependence on only one variable which is the torsion angle. Because of this fortuitous circumstance it is convenient to present the conformation optimization calculations and results for that compound. 

In order to demonstrate the calculations and results associated with the different methods, the small set of bivariate data in Table 7 will be used. These data comprise 12 objects in two-dimensional space. Figure 8, and the positions... 

Table 6 Calculations and results by iteratively applying the perceptron rule to the data illustrated in Figure 70(b)...

Initially, base the calculations on 1-h regeneration time so that 1 h of adsorption is available. Key calculations and results are provided below for the toluene (TOL) and activated carbon (AC). 

To calculate the cubic foot capacity of a cylindrical tank, multiply 0.79 times the diameter. Multiply the result by the diameter again, then multiply that result by the length of the cylinder. For instance, for a drum or container 7 feet in diameter and 10.4 feet in length, the calculation and result would be 0.79 x 7 x 7 x 10.4 = 402.584 cubic feet. To convert this to US gallons, multiply 7.5 x 402.584 (there are roughly 7.5 US gallons per cubic foot). 

Elemental composition is one of the most essential characteristics of humic substances. Average elemental composition of humic substances was calculated and results are presented in Table 3. As shown, data for fulvic acid and humin are rare compared to those for humic acid. Interestingly, the average... 

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