Phonon excitation

Used effects Phonon excitation (20 meV-1 eV) Plasmon and interband excitations (1-50 eV) Inner-shell ionization (A = ionization energy loss) Emission of x-ray (continuous/characteristic, analytical EM)... 

At = 11.75 eV, an Ar is formed causing an additional peak in the phonon energy-loss tail. The shaded curve represents the calculated phonon excitation expected from a time-dependent charge at a lattice site. (From Ref. 85.)... 

The difference between amorphous and crystalline solids shows up more clearly in phonon excitations than in electronic excitations. Contributions from the entire phonon density of states appear in the first-order Raman and infrared spectra of amorphous solids. All modes in elemental amorphous semiconductors are active in the infrared. 

If the free-atom recoil energy is much greater than the characteristic energy for phonon excitation ha>h where cor is the associated lattice vibration frequency, then phonon creation represents another mode of energy loss, which destroys resonance (29, 30, 32). For R° less than or of the order of tuo, a significant fraction of the nuclear events (emission and absorption)... 

The shift transformation method yields expressions for the vibronic state at a point on the trough of minimum-energy points (see Ref. [29] and references therein). We know that Q i, (> and Q are vibrations and therefore, the unitary shift transformation operator U will only act on these three phonon coordinates. The generalised vibronic states allowing for phonon excitations can be written in... 

The calculations and results for the states with no phonon excitations are carried out... 

Fig. 1. The energies of the states relative to the JT energy with L = odd (due to high spin term) and L = even (due to low spin terms) with no phonon excitations and in units of ho).

A comparison of Raman spectra of the polycrystalline sample Gd2 shown in Fig.5 and the properly annealed sample Gd3 shown in Fig.2 for XX polarization, demonstrates a close similarity of their phonon excitations. This allows to draw conclusions about a proximity of the oxygen content of sample Gd2 and Gd3. 

There is a very simple model for estimating the trapping probability in atomic adsorption due to a phonon-excitation mechanism. In the hard-cube model (HCM) [6, 7], the impact of the atom on the surface is treated as a binary elastic collision between a gas phase atom (mass m) and a substrate atom (mass Mc) which is moving freely with a velocity distribution Pc(uc). This model is schematically illustrated in Fig. 1. If the depth of the adsorption well is denoted by Ead, the adsorbate will impinge... 

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