Calcium silicate glass

Container Insulation Tanks containing materials above atmospheric temperature may require insulation to reduce loss of heat. Almost any of the commonly used insulating materials can be employed. Calcium silicate, glass fiber, mineral wool, cellular glass, and plastic foams are among those used. Tanks exposed to weather must have jackets or protective coatings, usually asphalt, to keep water out of the insulation. 

The limestone and silica form a molten calcium silicate glass. This dissolves iron(II) oxide to form a slag less dense than the molten copper(I) sulfide, on which it floats. 

Dandk and LiCko (1981) verified their apparatus in a very broad temperature range, from room temperature up to 1600°C. They measured the density and viscosity of glycerine, boron oxide, sodium tetraborate, and sodium-calcium silicate glass with the composition 17 mass % Na20, 10% CaO, 73% Si02. The results of measurement are in agreement with the literature data regarding the precision of the apparatus used. 

P.H. Gaskell, M.C. Eckersley, A.C. Barnes, and P. Chieux, Medium-range order in the cation distribution of a calcium silicate glass, Nature 350, 675-677 (1991). 

The gases from the furnace are cooled by water to condense the phosphoras vapor to the liquid the carbon monoxide gas is used as a fuel. The other product, calcium silicate glass (called slag), is drained periodically from the bottom of the furnace. 

Saravanapavan, P. and Hench, L.L. (2003) Mesoporous calcium silicate glasses. II. Textural characterisation. /. Non-Cryst. Solids, 318, 14-26. 

Figure 3.1 summarises how the temperature and the particle size of quartz sand determine the required residence time for batch melting of a sodium-calcium-silicate glass (described in Sect. 1.2.2.). 

---