Calcium phosphate, bioceramic applications

De Groot, K. (1991) Medical applications of calcium phosphate bioceramics. /. Ceram. 

There are many applications for calcium phosphate bioceramics can be seen in Fig. 7. The form of calcium phosphate used in orthopedic clinical applications is usually based on hydroxyapatite and )8-tricalcium phosphate. The materials are widely used in composite formulations together with ... 

LeGeros, R., Lin, S., Rohanizadeh, R., Mijares, D., Legeros, J., 2003. Biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics preparation, properties and applications. Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 14, 201-209. 

Acros D. Calcium phosphate bioceramics. In Vallet-Regi M, editor. Bio-ceramics with clinical applications. 2014. p. 465. 

Several fluid bed processes are under development for production and encapsulation of nanoparticles, for example, WC-Co composites, bioceramics (i.e., calcium phosphate hydroxyapapite), carbon encapsulation of iron magnetic nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes. These nano- or ultrafine powders have broad industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Production processes usually include solution preparation (sol-gel), drying, calcination, and sintering. The last three steps may be realized in a fluidized bed, but fluidization of nano- and ultrafine powders is very difficult because of strong interparticle forces. 

Radin SR, Ducheyne P (1992) Plasma-spraying induced changes of calcium phosphate ceramic characteristics and the effect on in vitro stability. J Mater Sci Mater in Med 3 33-42 Ramires PA, Romito A, Cosentino F, Milella E (2001) The influence of titania/hydroxylapatite composite coatings on in vitro osteoblasts behaviour. Biomaterials 22 1467-1474 Ravaglioli A, Krajewski A (1992) Bioceramics Materials, Properties, Applications. Chapman and Hall, London... 

Dorozhkin SV. Medical application of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics. Bio 2011 1 1-51. LeGeros R. Z. Properties of osteoconductive biomaterials calcium phosphates. Clin Oithop Rel... 

Bioceramic materials have developed into a very powerful driver of advanced ceramics research and development. For many years bioceramics, both bioinert materials such as alumina, zirconia and, to a limited extent titania (Lindgren et al., 2009), and bioconductive materials such as hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and calcium phosphate cements, have been used successfully in dinical practice. In addition, applications continue to emerge that use biomaterials for medical devices. An excellent account of the wide range of bioceramics available today has recently been produced by Kokubo (2008), in which issues of the significance of the structure, mechanical properties and biological interaction of biomaterials are discussed, and their clinical applications in joint replacement, bone grafts, tissue engineering, and dentistry are reviewed. The type and consequences of cellular responses to a variety of today s biomaterials have been detailed in recent books (Di Silvio, 2008 Basu et al., 2009 Planell et al., 2009). 

Ishikawa, K. 2008. Calcium phosphate cement. In Bioceramics and their Clinical Applications, ed. T. Kokubo. Boca Raton CRC Press, pp. 438-63. 

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